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Lectures on non-equilibrium effective field theories and fluctuating hydrodynamics
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We review recent progress in developing effective field theories (EFTs) for non-equilibrium processes at finite temperature, including a new formulation of fluctuating hydrodynamics, and a new proof of the second law of thermodynamics. There are a number of new elements in formulating EFTs for such systems. Firstly, the nature of IR variables is very different from those of a system in equilibrium or near the vacuum. Secondly, while all static properties of an equilibrium system can in principle be extracted from the partition function, there appears no such quantity which can capture all non-equilibrium properties. Thirdly, non-equilibrium processes often involve dissipation, which is notoriously difficult to deal with using an action principle. The purpose of the review is to explain how to address these issues in a pedagogic manner, with fluctuating hydrodynamics as a main example.
Forward citations
Cited by 44 Pith papers
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Effective field theories of nonlinear fluctuating hydrodynamics in one dimension
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High-Order Pole-Skipping in Near-Extremal Holography
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A Finite Element Method for Fluctuating Navier--Stokes Equations
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The fermionic path integral in the infrared yields hydrodynamic actions for anomalous perfect fluids, including four- and five-dimensional transgression forms from anomaly inflow.
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Counting Degrees of Freedom in Open Effective Theories
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Schwarzian quantum corrections to shear correlators of the near-extremal Reissner-Nordstr\"om-AdS black hole
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Dynamical Tidal Response of Schwarzschild Black Holes
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Effective action for relativistic hydrodynamics from Crooks fluctuation theorem
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Higher-Dimensional Black Holes and Effective Field Theory
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Fractonic solids
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Schwinger-Keldysh effective field theory of type-B Goldstone: near-diagonal geometry and Berry term
A Schwinger-Keldysh effective field theory for type-B Goldstones is constructed via near-diagonal geometry and a transgression Berry term, with dissipative spectra for the ferromagnet and an SU(2)×U(1) sigma model.
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Attractodynamics in 0+1D
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Dissipative hydrodynamic actions and horizon symmetries in gravity
A new prescription computes the dissipative action for holographic hydrodynamics in AdS4 to first order in derivatives and reproduces known Green's functions via horizon diffeomorphisms.
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Cumulant dynamics in finite-memory diffusion
Finite current relaxation introduces memory effects that suppress, shift, and reshape non-monotonic cumulant behavior relative to instantaneous equilibrium and Fickian diffusion, most visibly in higher-order cumulants.
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Hydrodynamic Cooperons in Electron Fluids: Schwinger--Keldysh Derivation and Quantum Corrections to Magnetoresistance
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Quantum Interference Corrections in Electron Hydrodynamics
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Black-hole formation and thermalization in open JT gravity
Numerical simulations show dynamical black hole formation in non-Markovian open JT gravity, corresponding to irreversible thermalization on the boundary.
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Effective field theory for dissipative photons from higher-form symmetries
A Schwinger-Keldysh effective action built on spontaneously broken higher-form symmetry gives dissipative Maxwell equations with an entropy current for photons in insulators.
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Gauging Open EFTs from the top down
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Comparison between Causal and Acausal Diffusion: a Schwinger-Keldysh Effective Field Theory Perspective
One-loop real-time density correlations in causal diffusion reduce to known acausal results in the overdamped limit and yield a new universal scaling function in the underdamped limit.
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Wilsonian renormalisation group and thermal field theory in the Schwinger-Keldysh closed-time-path formalism
A one-loop Schwinger-Keldysh Wilsonian RG calculation generates a dissipative cross-coupling between time branches and predicts two reduced-space fixed points in d=4, related to the Gaussian and Wilson-Fisher fixed points.
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Gravitational EFT for dissipative open systems
A Schwinger-Keldysh EFT for dissipative systems coupled to dynamical gravity requires a dynamical environment sector, modeled here by HydroEFT, and yields dissipative scalar and gravitational wave dynamics plus a gene...
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An Open Effective Field Theory for light in a medium
A dissipative open EFT for photons in a medium is constructed, featuring a deformed advanced gauge symmetry and a noise constraint vμ(jμ+ξμ)=0.
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On the Motion of Compact Objects in Relativistic Viscous Fluids
The authors derive covariant world-line effective field theory equations of motion for a compact object moving relativistically through a fluid, matching coefficients to potential and Stokes flow.
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Chiral Anomalous Magnetohydrodynamics in action: effective field theory and holography
The holographic Schwinger-Keldysh effective action for chiral anomalous magnetohydrodynamics matches the Landry-Liu EFT and generalizes it to finite background axial gauge field.
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Holographic Schwinger-Keldysh effective field theories including a non-hydrodynamic mode
A holographic derivation of Schwinger-Keldysh effective actions for diffusion with a non-hydrodynamic mode, yielding the Maxwell-Cattaneo action for slow modes and a new frequency-dependent action for IR modes.
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Does decoherence violate decoupling?
Tracing out a heavy field can appear to decohere a light field, but the apparent decoherence is an artifact of the chosen bipartition; the energy-based EFT projection preserves purity.
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Schwinger-Keldysh effective action for hydrodynamics with approximate symmetries
The axial charge relaxation coefficient in the Schwinger-Keldysh effective theory of QCD must be of second order in the quark mass, Γ_A = γ_A m_q^2, subleading in the broken phase and leading in the restored phase.
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The Quantum Mechanics of Rare Events: From Quantum Walks to Stochastic Inflation
Rare fluctuations in quantum walks are ruled by a measurement-induced relative entropy, and applying this to stochastic inflation yields a steady state that violates detailed balance.
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Emergent structures in open EFTs
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The Hydrodynamic Approach to Quantum Gravity
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Chiral phase transition: effective field theory and holography
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Holographic Schwinger-Keldysh effective action for heavy quarks in confinement and deconfinement phases
Derives quadratic effective actions for heavy quarks in confinement (quark-antiquark pair) and deconfinement (single moving quark) using the SvR holographic SK framework.
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Boulder Lectures on Thermal Dynamics and Hydrodynamic EFTs
Lectures summarizing the construction of hydrodynamic EFTs through strong-to-weak symmetry breaking, with examples from spin chains to relativistic QFTs and UV/IR constraints on transport coefficients.
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Lectures on Open Systems and Cosmology
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