The SDE benchmark shows LLMs lag on scientific discovery tasks relative to general science tests, with diminishing scaling returns and shared weaknesses across models.
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38 Pith papers cite this work, alongside 23 external citations. Polarity classification is still indexing.
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representative citing papers
PoisonForge benchmark shows that 1% poisoned examples achieve over 70% attack success rate on targeted tasks across 11 of 12 tested LLMs with under 0.5% leakage to non-target tasks.
JECS aggregates per-model conformal p-values via their maximum and reconstructs a conservative envelope of the max-p null distribution to select benchmarks with global contamination rate control.
KVServe delivers up to 9.13x job completion time speedup and 32.8x time-to-first-token reduction by making KV cache compression service-aware and adaptive in disaggregated LLM serving.
SimDiff uses similarity and difference metrics to prune LLM layers more effectively than cosine similarity alone, retaining over 91% performance at 25% pruning on LLaMA2-7B.
Multilingual pretraining develops translation in two phases: early copying driven by surface similarities, followed by generalizing mechanisms while copying is refined.
SCIN uses an in-switch accelerator for direct memory access and 8-bit in-network quantization during All-Reduce, delivering up to 8.7x faster small-message reduction and 1.74x TTFT speedup on LLaMA-2 models.
Conv-FinRe is a new benchmark built from real market data and human trajectories that tests LLMs on generating utility-grounded stock rankings over fixed horizons while distinguishing rational analysis from behavioral mimicry or momentum.
FinAuditing is a taxonomy-structured multi-document benchmark with 1,102 instances averaging over 33k tokens from XBRL filings, defining three tasks to evaluate LLMs on financial auditing capabilities.
FinTagging decomposes XBRL tagging into FinNI extraction and FinCL full-taxonomy linking, showing LLMs handle extraction but struggle with fine-grained concept alignment in zero-shot settings.
With enough compute, large models benefit from training on unfiltered data that includes low-quality and distractor examples instead of requiring high-quality filtered data.
OP-Mix is an on-policy data mixing method that uses low-rank adapter interpolation to find near-optimal data mixtures throughout language model training with reduced compute.
SLICE applies gradient surgery via projection and truncated SVD to initialize LoRA adapters, yielding better stability-plasticity trade-offs on continual learning benchmarks including adversarial task sequences.
ODRPO decomposes discrete rewards into ordinal binary indicators to create robust, variance-aware advantage estimators for noisy RLAIF in LLM alignment.
ScaleSearch optimizes block floating point scales via fine-grained search to cut quantization error by 27% for NVFP4, improving PTQ by up to 15 points on MATH500 for Qwen3-8B and attention PPL by 0.77 on Llama 3.1 70B.
DECO is a sparse MoE architecture with ReLU-based routing, learnable expert scaling, and NormSiLU activation that matches dense Transformer performance at 20% expert activation and delivers 2.93x speedup on Jetson AGX Orin.
TPAW uses teams of current and historical model checkpoints that collaborate and compete, plus adaptive weightings for responses and players, to improve self-supervised LLM alignment and outperform baselines.
KVM is a new block-recurrent compressed KV attention that turns transformers into O(N) chunked RNNs or growable sublinear-memory models while remaining implementable with standard operations.
Structured Recurrent Mixers enable algebraic switching between parallel training and recurrent inference representations, yielding higher throughput, concurrency, and training efficiency than comparable linear-complexity models on language tasks.
Neuron-level inference-time intervention reduces multiple biases in reward models, enabling 2B and 7B models to match 70B performance on LLM alignment benchmarks without trade-offs.
NPUMoE accelerates MoE LLM inference on Apple Silicon NPUs via offline-calibrated static expert tiers, grouped execution, and load-aware graph residency, delivering 1.32x-5.55x lower latency and 1.81x-7.37x better energy efficiency.
Different LLM jailbreak techniques achieve similar harmful compliance but lead to distinct behavioral side effects and mechanistic changes.
CiPO removes undesired knowledge from both intermediate reasoning steps and final answers in large reasoning models by iteratively optimizing preferences toward valid counterfactual traces while keeping overall reasoning performance intact.
CD-MoE condenses fine-grained MoE layers with shared experts into dense layers, retaining 90% accuracy with 27.5% memory cut and 1.26x speedup on DeepSeekMoE-16B, recovering 98% via brief fine-tuning.
citing papers explorer
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Evaluating Large Language Models in Scientific Discovery
The SDE benchmark shows LLMs lag on scientific discovery tasks relative to general science tests, with diminishing scaling returns and shared weaknesses across models.
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PoisonForge: Task-Level Targeted Poisoning Benchmark for Instruction-Tuned LLMs
PoisonForge benchmark shows that 1% poisoned examples achieve over 70% attack success rate on targeted tasks across 11 of 12 tested LLMs with under 0.5% leakage to non-target tasks.
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Provable Joint Decontamination for Benchmarking Multiple Large Language Models
JECS aggregates per-model conformal p-values via their maximum and reconstructs a conservative envelope of the max-p null distribution to select benchmarks with global contamination rate control.
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KVServe: Service-Aware KV Cache Compression for Communication-Efficient Disaggregated LLM Serving
KVServe delivers up to 9.13x job completion time speedup and 32.8x time-to-first-token reduction by making KV cache compression service-aware and adaptive in disaggregated LLM serving.
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SimDiff: Depth Pruning via Similarity and Difference
SimDiff uses similarity and difference metrics to prune LLM layers more effectively than cosine similarity alone, retaining over 91% performance at 25% pruning on LLaMA2-7B.
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Copy First, Translate Later: Interpreting Translation Dynamics in Multilingual Pretraining
Multilingual pretraining develops translation in two phases: early copying driven by surface similarities, followed by generalizing mechanisms while copying is refined.
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A Switch-Centric In-Network Architecture for Accelerating LLM Inference in Shared-Memory Network
SCIN uses an in-switch accelerator for direct memory access and 8-bit in-network quantization during All-Reduce, delivering up to 8.7x faster small-message reduction and 1.74x TTFT speedup on LLaMA-2 models.
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Conv-FinRe: A Conversational and Longitudinal Benchmark for Utility-Grounded Financial Recommendation
Conv-FinRe is a new benchmark built from real market data and human trajectories that tests LLMs on generating utility-grounded stock rankings over fixed horizons while distinguishing rational analysis from behavioral mimicry or momentum.
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FinAuditing: A Financial Taxonomy-Structured Multi-Document Benchmark for Evaluating LLMs
FinAuditing is a taxonomy-structured multi-document benchmark with 1,102 instances averaging over 33k tokens from XBRL filings, defining three tasks to evaluate LLMs on financial auditing capabilities.
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FinTagging: Benchmarking LLMs for Extracting and Structuring Financial Information
FinTagging decomposes XBRL tagging into FinNI extraction and FinCL full-taxonomy linking, showing LLMs handle extraction but struggle with fine-grained concept alignment in zero-shot settings.
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A Bitter Lesson for Data Filtering
With enough compute, large models benefit from training on unfiltered data that includes low-quality and distractor examples instead of requiring high-quality filtered data.
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Always Learning, Always Mixing: Efficient and Simple Data Mixing All The Time
OP-Mix is an on-policy data mixing method that uses low-rank adapter interpolation to find near-optimal data mixtures throughout language model training with reduced compute.
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Low-Rank Adapters Initialization via Gradient Surgery for Continual Learning
SLICE applies gradient surgery via projection and truncated SVD to initialize LoRA adapters, yielding better stability-plasticity trade-offs on continual learning benchmarks including adversarial task sequences.
-
ODRPO: Ordinal Decompositions of Discrete Rewards for Robust Policy Optimization
ODRPO decomposes discrete rewards into ordinal binary indicators to create robust, variance-aware advantage estimators for noisy RLAIF in LLM alignment.
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Search Your Block Floating Point Scales!
ScaleSearch optimizes block floating point scales via fine-grained search to cut quantization error by 27% for NVFP4, improving PTQ by up to 15 points on MATH500 for Qwen3-8B and attention PPL by 0.77 on Llama 3.1 70B.
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DECO: Sparse Mixture-of-Experts with Dense-Comparable Performance on End-Side Devices
DECO is a sparse MoE architecture with ReLU-based routing, learnable expert scaling, and NormSiLU activation that matches dense Transformer performance at 20% expert activation and delivers 2.93x speedup on Jetson AGX Orin.
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Team-Based Self-Play With Dual Adaptive Weighting for Fine-Tuning LLMs
TPAW uses teams of current and historical model checkpoints that collaborate and compete, plus adaptive weightings for responses and players, to improve self-supervised LLM alignment and outperform baselines.
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Key-Value Means: Transformers with Expandable Block-Recurrent Compressed Memory
KVM is a new block-recurrent compressed KV attention that turns transformers into O(N) chunked RNNs or growable sublinear-memory models while remaining implementable with standard operations.
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Structured Recurrent Mixers for Massively Parallelized Sequence Generation
Structured Recurrent Mixers enable algebraic switching between parallel training and recurrent inference representations, yielding higher throughput, concurrency, and training efficiency than comparable linear-complexity models on language tasks.
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Debiasing Reward Models via Causally Motivated Inference-Time Intervention
Neuron-level inference-time intervention reduces multiple biases in reward models, enabling 2B and 7B models to match 70B performance on LLM alignment benchmarks without trade-offs.
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Efficient Mixture-of-Experts LLM Inference with Apple Silicon NPUs
NPUMoE accelerates MoE LLM inference on Apple Silicon NPUs via offline-calibrated static expert tiers, grouped execution, and load-aware graph residency, delivering 1.32x-5.55x lower latency and 1.81x-7.37x better energy efficiency.
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Different Paths to Harmful Compliance: Behavioral Side Effects and Mechanistic Divergence Across LLM Jailbreaks
Different LLM jailbreak techniques achieve similar harmful compliance but lead to distinct behavioral side effects and mechanistic changes.
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CiPO: Counterfactual Unlearning for Large Reasoning Models through Iterative Preference Optimization
CiPO removes undesired knowledge from both intermediate reasoning steps and final answers in large reasoning models by iteratively optimizing preferences toward valid counterfactual traces while keeping overall reasoning performance intact.
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Condense, Don't Just Prune: Enhancing Efficiency and Performance in MoE Layer Pruning
CD-MoE condenses fine-grained MoE layers with shared experts into dense layers, retaining 90% accuracy with 27.5% memory cut and 1.26x speedup on DeepSeekMoE-16B, recovering 98% via brief fine-tuning.
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torchtune: PyTorch native post-training library
torchtune is a modular PyTorch library for LLM post-training that delivers competitive performance and memory efficiency while supporting rapid research iteration through hackable components.
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SSV: Sparse Speculative Verification for Efficient LLM Inference
SSV presents a sparse speculative-verification framework that resolves mismatches between speculative decoding and dynamic sparse attention to deliver up to 3.49x end-to-end throughput and 6.86x kernel speedups on NVIDIA H100 GPUs.
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Rethinking Layer Relevance in Large Language Models Beyond Cosine Similarity
Cosine similarity poorly predicts performance degradation from layer removal in LLMs, making direct accuracy-drop ablation a more reliable relevance metric.
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MDN: Parallelizing Stepwise Momentum for Delta Linear Attention
MDN parallelizes stepwise momentum for delta linear attention using geometric reordering and dynamical systems analysis, yielding performance gains over Mamba2 and GDN on 400M and 1.3B models.
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Toeplitz MLP Mixers are Low Complexity, Information-Rich Sequence Models
Toeplitz MLP Mixers replace attention with masked Toeplitz multiplications for sub-quadratic complexity while retaining more sequence information and outperforming on copying and in-context tasks.
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LayerBoost: Layer-Aware Attention Reduction for Efficient LLMs
LayerBoost selectively replaces or removes attention in non-critical transformer layers to cut inference latency up to 68% while recovering quality via brief distillation.
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Cooperative Profiles Predict Multi-Agent LLM Team Performance in AI for Science Workflows
Cooperative profiles from behavioral economics games predict LLM team performance in AI-for-science workflows.
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Can Continual Pre-training Bridge the Performance Gap between General-purpose and Specialized Language Models in the Medical Domain?
Continual pre-training on a German medical corpus lets 7B models close much of the performance gap with 24B general models on medical benchmarks, though merging introduces some language mixing and verbosity.
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Can Muon Fine-tune Adam-Pretrained Models?
Constraining fine-tuning updates with LoRA mitigates performance degradation when switching from Adam to Muon on pretrained models.
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Toward Cross-Lingual Quality Classifiers for Multilingual Pretraining Data Selection
Multilingual pooling for quality classifiers outperforms monolingual baselines in rank stability and accuracy for LLM pretraining data selection across high- and low-resource languages.
- To MRL or not to MRL: Text Embeddings are Robust to Truncation Without Matryoshka Learning, Except In Heavy Truncation Scenarios
- AAAC: Activation-Aware Adaptive Codebooks for 4-bit LLM Weight Quantization
- RAG over Thinking Traces Can Improve Reasoning Tasks
- Back into Plato's Cave: Examining Cross-modal Representational Convergence at Scale