A dc SQUID operated at the flux sweet spot with lock-in modulation yields an ultra-broadband axion search with projected sensitivity |g_aγγ| ≳ 10^{-16} GeV^{-1} across 15 orders of magnitude in mass.
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The landscape of QCD axion models
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abstract
We review the landscape of QCD axion models. Theoretical constructions that extend the window for the axion mass and couplings beyond conventional regions are highlighted and classified. Bounds from cosmology, astrophysics and experimental searches are reexamined and updated.
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representative citing papers
A modification to the top-Higgs Yukawa coupling in SMEFT induces a two-loop shift in the W mass through a large anomalous dimension, providing a new indirect probe via electroweak precision observables.
Solar tachocline production of symmetrons yields a keV-scale flux at Earth whose absorption in xenon detectors provides new complementary bounds on symmetron parameter space.
Axions produced in supernovae generate a diffuse gamma-ray signal through conversion in magnetic fields, yielding competitive constraints on the axion-photon coupling from COMPTEL, EGRET, and Fermi-LAT data plus forecasts for future MeV telescopes.
The RadioAxion experiment at Gran Sasso found no evidence for axion dark matter induced periodic modulations in 241Am decays and derived constraints on the axion decay constant for masses from 10^{-21} to 10^{-9} eV.
ALPS II reports no detection of axion-like particles and establishes improved 95% CL upper limits on di-photon couplings of 1.5e-9 GeV^-1 for masses below 0.1 meV, plus limits for scalar, vector, and tensor bosons.
Quadratic WIMP-ALP coupling induces coherent freeze-out that allows WIMP annihilation cross sections up to 1000 times larger than standard while matching relic density, plus an ALP miracle where Planck-suppressed couplings naturally yield correct ALP dark matter abundance independent of initial mass
SU(2)_F bosons in a U(2)_F flavor model induce unsuppressed flavor-violating couplings, with K to pi X and mu to e X constraining the breaking scale v_phi to 10^11-10^12 GeV for light bosons and other processes constraining heavier states.
Model-independent reinterpretation of Belle II B+ → K+ νν̄ data using public kinematic mapping yields a factor-of-nine improvement on the limit for B+ → K+ a and constrains the axion's b-s flavor-changing coupling.
Introduces a sideband ladder formulation of axion electrodynamics that classifies instabilities and conversion channels via Krein signatures in periodic backgrounds.
Scaling monopoles generate PBHs via stochastic overdensities and GWs with correlated spectra, potentially with magnetically charged PBHs as a signature if the scaling ends via gauge boson mass.
The Landau-Zener approximation for axion-photon conversion in neutron star magnetospheres fails when resonance width exceeds conversion region size, leading to revised axion constraints from optical-band searches.
A matching framework from arbitrary KSVZ UV completions to SMEFT and ALP EFT yields robust operator bounds from global fits that often dominate direct ALP searches except when mass mixing occurs.
A mirror GUT model confines dynamically to produce a heavy axion solving the strong CP problem while allowing observable EDMs and a rich hidden sector.
Neutron stars yield tighter bounds on muonic scalar and vector fifth forces (g_φμ ≲ 10^{-12}, g_Vμ ≲ 3×10^{-13} for m_X ≲ 100 keV) than SN 1987A, plus hydrostatic constraints for long-range cases.
Multi-axion solutions to the strong CP problem produce varied mass-coupling patterns set by PQ symmetry breaking structure and QCD-EM anomaly alignment, summarized by a general sum rule for N-axion systems.
Limits on axion-like particles from photon-coupling searches are recast as constraints on massive graviton-like particles across lab, astrophysical, and cosmological experiments using analogous Primakoff and Gertsenshtein conversion mechanisms.
Leptophilic ALPs with m_a > f_a can explain the electron anomalous magnetic moment tension over a large parameter space and are testable via μ→e conversion.
DAMSA proposes an ultra-short baseline accelerator experiment to detect short-lived dark sector messengers by overcoming the sensitivity ceiling of longer-baseline beam dump experiments through a compact detector design.
One-loop integration of a heavy fermion with inflaton-dependent mass in axion inflation generates localized gauge-field production and a detectable chiral gravitational-wave signal in the deci-hertz range.
Multi-axion models relax the E/N bound on QCD axion photon coupling and allow subdominant dark matter contribution, but an axion-like particle is typically visible to next-generation experiments.
Stripped-envelope supernovae enable QCD axion detection to masses around 10^{-4} eV via gamma-ray signals from conversion in progenitor magnetic fields.
Lattice simulations of Abelian-Higgs cosmic strings with axion-gauge coupling show multimodal axion production that can account for GeV-scale dark matter while predicting observable dark radiation.
Axion dark matter decay injects 1-13.6 eV photons that suppress H2, enabling atomic cooling halos and direct collapse black hole seeds for axion masses 24.5-26.5 eV and couplings down to 4e-12/GeV.
citing papers explorer
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An ultra-broadband axion dark matter experiment
A dc SQUID operated at the flux sweet spot with lock-in modulation yields an ultra-broadband axion search with projected sensitivity |g_aγγ| ≳ 10^{-16} GeV^{-1} across 15 orders of magnitude in mass.
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When Two Loops Matter: Electroweak Precision in the SMEFT
A modification to the top-Higgs Yukawa coupling in SMEFT induces a two-loop shift in the W mass through a large anomalous dimension, providing a new indirect probe via electroweak precision observables.
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Probing Solar Symmetrons with Direct Detection
Solar tachocline production of symmetrons yields a keV-scale flux at Earth whose absorption in xenon detectors provides new complementary bounds on symmetron parameter space.
-
Lights, Camera, Axion: Tracing Axions from Supernovae in the Diffuse $\gamma$-ray Sky
Axions produced in supernovae generate a diffuse gamma-ray signal through conversion in magnetic fields, yielding competitive constraints on the axion-photon coupling from COMPTEL, EGRET, and Fermi-LAT data plus forecasts for future MeV telescopes.
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RadioAxion results on the search for axion dark matter under Gran Sasso
The RadioAxion experiment at Gran Sasso found no evidence for axion dark matter induced periodic modulations in 241Am decays and derived constraints on the axion decay constant for masses from 10^{-21} to 10^{-9} eV.
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Any Light Particle Searches with ALPS II: first science results
ALPS II reports no detection of axion-like particles and establishes improved 95% CL upper limits on di-photon couplings of 1.5e-9 GeV^-1 for masses below 0.1 meV, plus limits for scalar, vector, and tensor bosons.
-
WIMP Meets ALP: Coherent Freeze-Out of Dark Matter
Quadratic WIMP-ALP coupling induces coherent freeze-out that allows WIMP annihilation cross sections up to 1000 times larger than standard while matching relic density, plus an ALP miracle where Planck-suppressed couplings naturally yield correct ALP dark matter abundance independent of initial mass
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Phenomenology of Non-Abelian Gauge and Goldstone Bosons in a U(2) Flavor Model
SU(2)_F bosons in a U(2)_F flavor model induce unsuppressed flavor-violating couplings, with K to pi X and mu to e X constraining the breaking scale v_phi to 10^11-10^12 GeV for light bosons and other processes constraining heavier states.
-
The $B^+ \to K^+ \nu \bar \nu$ decay as a search for the QCD axion
Model-independent reinterpretation of Belle II B+ → K+ νν̄ data using public kinematic mapping yields a factor-of-nine improvement on the limit for B+ → K+ a and constrains the axion's b-s flavor-changing coupling.
-
Sideband Structure of Axion Electrodynamics
Introduces a sideband ladder formulation of axion electrodynamics that classifies instabilities and conversion channels via Krein signatures in periodic backgrounds.
-
PBHs and GWs from Scaling Monopoles
Scaling monopoles generate PBHs via stochastic overdensities and GWs with correlated spectra, potentially with magnetically charged PBHs as a signature if the scaling ends via gauge boson mass.
-
Landau-Zener formula and resonant axion conversion in neutron star magnetospheres
The Landau-Zener approximation for axion-photon conversion in neutron star magnetospheres fails when resonance width exceeds conversion region size, leading to revised axion constraints from optical-band searches.
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The KSVZ Atlas: A Unified SMEFT-ALP Framework
A matching framework from arbitrary KSVZ UV completions to SMEFT and ALP EFT yields robust operator bounds from global fits that often dominate direct ALP searches except when mass mixing occurs.
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Heavy Axion from a Confining Mirror GUT
A mirror GUT model confines dynamically to produce a heavy axion solving the strong CP problem while allowing observable EDMs and a rich hidden sector.
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Neutron Star Bounds on Muonic Fifth Forces from Picometer to Kilometer Scales
Neutron stars yield tighter bounds on muonic scalar and vector fifth forces (g_φμ ≲ 10^{-12}, g_Vμ ≲ 3×10^{-13} for m_X ≲ 100 keV) than SN 1987A, plus hydrostatic constraints for long-range cases.
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The structure of multi-axion solutions to the strong CP problem
Multi-axion solutions to the strong CP problem produce varied mass-coupling patterns set by PQ symmetry breaking structure and QCD-EM anomaly alignment, summarized by a general sum rule for N-axion systems.
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Bounds on massive graviton-like particles from searches for axion-like particles coupling to photons
Limits on axion-like particles from photon-coupling searches are recast as constraints on massive graviton-like particles across lab, astrophysical, and cosmological experiments using analogous Primakoff and Gertsenshtein conversion mechanisms.
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Crossing into the $m_a > f_a$ Region for Leptophilic ALPs
Leptophilic ALPs with m_a > f_a can explain the electron anomalous magnetic moment tension over a large parameter space and are testable via μ→e conversion.
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The DAMSA Experiment
DAMSA proposes an ultra-short baseline accelerator experiment to detect short-lived dark sector messengers by overcoming the sensitivity ceiling of longer-baseline beam dump experiments through a compact detector design.
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Axion Inflation from Heavy-Fermion One-Loop Effects
One-loop integration of a heavy fermion with inflaton-dependent mass in axion inflation generates localized gauge-field production and a detectable chiral gravitational-wave signal in the deci-hertz range.
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How well can the QCD axion hide?
Multi-axion models relax the E/N bound on QCD axion photon coupling and allow subdominant dark matter contribution, but an axion-like particle is typically visible to next-generation experiments.
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Stripped-Envelope Supernovae for QCD Axion Detection
Stripped-envelope supernovae enable QCD axion detection to masses around 10^{-4} eV via gamma-ray signals from conversion in progenitor magnetic fields.
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Multimodal axion emissions from Abelian-Higgs cosmic strings
Lattice simulations of Abelian-Higgs cosmic strings with axion-gauge coupling show multimodal axion production that can account for GeV-scale dark matter while predicting observable dark radiation.
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Direct Collapse Black Hole Candidates from Decaying Dark Matter
Axion dark matter decay injects 1-13.6 eV photons that suppress H2, enabling atomic cooling halos and direct collapse black hole seeds for axion masses 24.5-26.5 eV and couplings down to 4e-12/GeV.
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Searching for dark photon dark matter from terrestrial magnetic fields
New upper limits on the dark photon kinetic mixing parameter ε are derived from geomagnetic data for masses between 1e-15 and 2e-13 eV, improving prior ground-based constraints.
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Supernova production of axion-like particles coupling to electrons, reloaded
Updated supernova ALP production rates including semi-Compton and pair-annihilation channels yield revised bounds on electron couplings, dominated by the decay a to e+ e- gamma at small couplings.
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Weak nuclear decays deep-underground as a probe of axion dark matter
A framework is developed to predict axion-induced time modulations in weak nuclear decays, used to derive constraints on the axion decay constant from reanalyzed Gran Sasso data on 40K and 137Cs and to propose future sensitivity to higher masses.
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Worldline effective field theory of inspiralling black hole binaries in presence of dark photon and axionic dark matter
Computes 1PN conservative dynamics for gravitational/EM/Proca fields and 2PN for scalar, plus radiation effects from axion-photon coupling at high PN orders in binary black hole systems with dark matter.
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Weakly supervised machine learning for model-agnostic searches of new phenomena in the $\gamma$-ray sky
Weakly supervised classifiers trained on background-versus-mixture samples can identify anomalous gamma-ray sources without labeled signal templates, approaching supervised performance in controlled benchmarks.
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One-loop proton decay from Peccei-Quinn symmetry
Models with Peccei-Quinn symmetry and vector-like quarks realize one-loop proton decay through the operator u_R u_R d_R e_R while preserving a residual Z2 that forbids tree-level decay, yielding testable axion-photon couplings and an axion-accompanied decay mode.
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Counting axions with IAXO
Projections for IAXO in two-axion parameter space plus spectral analysis of flavor oscillations show where the experiment can discriminate multi-axion signals from single-axion ones, extending to N-axion cases.
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New quantum information perspectives in the axion--photon and neutrino systems
Axion-photon oscillations generate bipartite mode entanglement with maximal values at resonance, and quantum speed limits are derived for both axion-photon and neutrino systems.
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Transient axion streams from disrupted miniclusters
Axion streams from stellar disruptions of miniclusters dilute by factors up to 10^{-9}, making persistent dense streams rare near the Sun, while producing narrow linewidths of 10^{-7} to 10 Hz in haloscopes.
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Magnetic Turbulence Boosts Supernova Signals of Axion-Photon Conversion
Turbulent magnetic fields enhance axion-photon conversion signals from supernovae, improving limits on axion-proton and axion-photon couplings by up to two orders of magnitude.
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Constraining F-theory Model Building with QCD Axions
QCD axions constrain F-theory base threefolds to have rigid or flux-rigidified divisors, yielding typical axion masses around 10^{-9} eV and decay constants near 10^{15} GeV in allowed regions.
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Primordial Magnetogenesis and Gravitational Waves from ALP-assisted Phase Transition
ALP-assisted first-order phase transitions can explain observed intergalactic magnetic fields and produce detectable gravitational waves, linking cosmology with particle physics searches.
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Probing High-Quality Axions with Gravitational Waves
High-quality axion models with N_DW=1 and dark matter abundance requirement restrict the gauge breaking scale to 1.6e11-1e16 GeV, yielding a band of gravitational wave signals from two-step phase transitions consistent with current observations.
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Axion Quality in Warped Extra-Dimension
Warped extra-dimensional Wilson-line axions can achieve high quality when non-QCD potential contributions from charged bulk fields are parametrically suppressed by geometry and brane effects.
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On the predictivity of axion dark matter in the presence of Peccei-Quinn breaking
Small explicit Peccei-Quinn breaking introduces a mass scale μ that can dominate early axion dynamics, causing the string-wall network to annihilate earlier and making relic abundance depend on both μ and f_a rather than f_a alone.
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Axion-Like Electrophilic Portal for Pion Dark Matter
A minimal electrophilic ALP portal for SIMP pion dark matter widens the allowed parameter space, making an ALP mass of order 10 MeV viable and consistent with the X17 anomaly.
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Dipole Radiation and Kinetic Mixing from Dark Photon Solitons
Dark photon solitons emit photons through external-field dipole radiation and kinetic mixing, offering a novel astrophysical signature for wave-like dark matter.
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New Particles at the Z-Pole: Tera-Z factories as discovery and precision machines
Tera-Z factories can produce millions of heavy neutral leptons and billions of axion-like particles under optimistic assumptions, turning them into exotics factories for discovery and detailed study.
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High-Quality Axion Dark Matter at Gravitational Wave Interferometers
In gauged U(1) completions enabling high-quality axion dark matter, cosmic string loops generate a stochastic gravitational wave background with an infrared break frequency that exceeds foregrounds above 10^14 GeV breaking scales and offers a probe at interferometers.
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Axion-photon conversion in transient compact stars: Systematics, constraints, and opportunities
Analytical expressions for ALP-photon conversion in transient compact stars yield an updated bound g_aγ < 5×10^{-12} GeV^{-1} for m_a ≲ 10^{-9} eV from SN 1987A, plus sensitivity forecasts for future Galactic SN and NSM observations.
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Axion Star Bosenova in Axion Miniclusters
Axion stars in miniclusters can reach bosenova conditions within the age of the Universe for QCD axions when initial overdensity exceeds roughly 100, once self-interaction effects are included.
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Completing Axion Double Level Crossings
Double level crossings are common in multi-axion mass mixing of Z_N axions and ALPs, occurring multiple times for large N in the light axion case but prevented by excessively large or small N in light and heavy scenarios respectively.
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INTEGRAL, eROSITA and Voyager Constraints on Light Bosonic Dark Matter: ALPs, Dark Photons, Scalars, $B-L$ and $L_{i}-L_{j}$ Vectors
This work sets new upper limits on decay lifetimes and couplings for axion-like particles, dark photons, scalars, and B-L or L_i-L_j vector bosons using 511 keV line, X-ray continuum, and cosmic-ray flux observations.
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Serendipitous supersymmetric solution to the strong CP problem
Anomaly-free discrete R-symmetries plus Kim-Nilles regeneration of the mu term force an accidental U(1)_PQ whose spontaneous breaking yields a SUSY DFSZ axion that solves strong CP.
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Dyonic lattices, $\theta$-angles and axions in the Standard Model
Classifies dyonic lattices consistent with SM gauge structure, re-derives θ periodicities, reduces physical θ-space to a 2-torus, and shows one axion is insufficient for full CP invariance.
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Hidden-sectors search and probe of discrete symmetries at the REDTOP experiment
REDTOP targets O(10^14) eta and O(10^12) eta-prime decays to probe four hidden sector portals and test CP/T invariance plus lepton universality.