Presents a fully photometric framework to measure individual cluster splashback radii and masses from SDSS data and constructs the first observational splashback mass function.
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Statistical Properties of X-ray Clusters: Analytic and Numerical Comparisons
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abstract
We compare the results of Eulerian hydrodynamic simulations of cluster formation against virial scaling relations between four bulk quantities: the cluster mass, the dark matter velocity dispersion, the gas temperature and the cluster luminosity. The comparison is made for a large number of clusters at a range of redshifts in three different cosmological models (CHDM, CDM and OCDM). We find that the analytic formulae provide a good description of the relations between three of the four numerical quantities. The fourth (luminosity) also agrees once we introduce a procedure to correct for the fixed numerical resolution. We also compute the normalizations for the virial relations and compare extensively to the existing literature, finding remarkably good agreement. The Press-Schechter prescription is calibrated with the simulations, again finding results consistent with other authors. We also examine related issues such as the size of the scatter in the virial relations, the effect of metallicity with a fixed pass-band, and the structure of the halos. All of this is done in order to establish a firm groundwork for the use of clusters as cosmological probes. Implications for the models are briefly discussed.
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representative citing papers
The W cloud is reinterpreted as a disrupting galaxy group with a dynamically coherent tidal tail delivering low-mass star-forming dwarfs to the Virgo cluster.
New non-spherical halo solving procedure applied to AGORA simulations shows merger-responsive morphology measures and redshift trends in spin, axis ratio, and overdensity.
In the IllustrisTNG model, CGM gas around z=1 galaxies mixes quickly and separates into cold inner and warm-hot outer phases within 500 Myr due to feedback, with kinematic decorrelation over 400 Myr and ion-specific phases lasting different durations.
Galaxy pairwise peculiar velocities from Cosmicflows-4 yield M_ν = 0.24^{+0.34}_{-0.18} eV and η² = 2.14^{+0.30}_{-0.32} (7σ non-zero asymmetry) in the CMB framework, consistent with prior Planck results.
In LambdaCDM simulations, over 90% of subhalo sinking events occur between adjacent hierarchy levels, satellite-satellite mergers can rival central-satellite rates at low masses, and the overall merger landscape deviates from self-similarity.
Simulations of Milky Way-mass galaxies reveal direction-dependent dynamical heating during stellar radial migration, with inward migrators heating, some cooling, and cold preservation uncommon especially for older stars.
In 37 massive ETGs, the IMF becomes less bottom-heavy with radius, with average α_IMF falling from 2.16 to 1.74 and IMF gradients dominating M/L variations over stellar population effects.
PHANTOM is a public MATLAB/Octave toolbox for linear field statistics and halo observables in dark matter cosmology, validated to sub-percent agreement with Python packages colossus, hmf, and halomod.
Rescaling merger trees with a one-parameter halo-profile correction plus a semi-analytic model matches dedicated N-body suites for Ω_m and σ_8 inference at a fraction of the cost.
Projection-induced selection bias causes 20-50% overestimation of weak lensing masses for optically selected galaxy clusters, larger on scales >3 Mpc.
Coevolving super-Eddington black holes and nuclear starbursts in high-redshift halos naturally generate the V-shaped UV-to-optical spectra and weak high-energy emission of little red dots.
Ancient cosmic ray halos from the central galaxy boost Perseus's cool core via inverse-Compton scattering, simultaneously explaining radio minihalo, giant halo, X-ray properties, and gamma-ray data without re-acceleration.
CosmoPostProcess delivers simulation-calibrated radial corrections for projection-induced selection bias (20-40% amplitude near 1 h^{-1} Mpc) and baryonic effects in Euclid richness-selected cluster weak lensing profiles.
NEFERTITI simulations show that the Milky Way's most metal-poor stars largely come from a handful of accreted massive dwarf galaxies, while reproducing the JWST Hebe galaxy at z~11 as a pure Population III system.
Quiescent galaxies cluster more strongly than star-forming ones by 0.5-1 dex after halo-mass matching, with one-halo conformity up to z~2 that disappears at higher redshifts.
In a decaying dark matter plus semi-cosmographic dark energy cosmology constrained by DESI BAO and ShapeFit, the spherical collapse threshold stays close to the ΛCDM value while massive halo abundance shows pronounced deviations that enable joint constraints on DDM lifetime and dark energy parameter
New hydrodynamical simulations show that dwarf galaxy stellar mass-halo mass relations and star formation histories are more influenced by host halo concentration than by the 5 cMpc scale environment.
The TNG SAM reproduces TNG hydro simulation gas and metal flows plus galaxy and halo properties within 30% accuracy out to z=6 via five targeted updates to the Santa Cruz SAM calibrated on stellar feedback-dominated galaxies.
Cooler CGM phases traced by Ca II and Mg II exhibit steeper radial equivalent width profiles than the warmer C IV phase, with host-type differences and stellar-mass dependence.
Empirical halo-to-[O III] emitter modeling with realistic JWST survey mocks produces cross-correlations consistent with z~6 data within large scatter, but with a ~10 cMpc offset in the 1D peak.
Simulations demonstrate that high-specific-energy supernova outflows sustain hot CGM at virial temperature, raise t_cool/t_ff above 10, and transition dwarf galaxy feedback from ejective to preventive mode around 5 Gyr.
Simulation comparison finds bulgeless galaxies host more centrally concentrated, disc-aligned satellites with steeper faint-end luminosity functions than bulge-dominated controls, reflecting co-evolution and quieter merger histories.
The paper identifies underproduction of oxygen in low-mass simulated dwarf galaxies as the likely cause of missing OVI in the CGM, based on comparisons across two simulation suites.
citing papers explorer
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The Splashback Mass Function of Galaxy Clusters from Photometric Data
Presents a fully photometric framework to measure individual cluster splashback radii and masses from SDSS data and constructs the first observational splashback mass function.
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Hierarchical assembly in action: a galaxy tail from a disrupting group in the Virgo cluster outskirts
The W cloud is reinterpreted as a disrupting galaxy group with a dynamically coherent tidal tail delivering low-mass star-forming dwarfs to the Virgo cluster.
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The AGORA High-resolution Galaxy Simulations Comparison Project. XI: Solving the Non-Spherical Morphology and Evolution of Dark Matter Halos with Haskap Pie
New non-spherical halo solving procedure applied to AGORA simulations shows merger-responsive morphology measures and redshift trends in spin, axis ratio, and overdensity.
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The Thermodynamic and Kinematic Evolution of Circumgalactic Gas around $z=1$ in the IllustrisTNG model
In the IllustrisTNG model, CGM gas around z=1 galaxies mixes quickly and separates into cold inner and warm-hot outer phases within 500 Myr due to feedback, with kinematic decorrelation over 400 Myr and ion-specific phases lasting different durations.
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Measuring neutrino mass and asymmetry through galaxy pairwise peculiar velocity
Galaxy pairwise peculiar velocities from Cosmicflows-4 yield M_ν = 0.24^{+0.34}_{-0.18} eV and η² = 2.14^{+0.30}_{-0.32} (7σ non-zero asymmetry) in the CMB framework, consistent with prior Planck results.
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The Broken Similarity: Sinking and Merging of Dark Matter Subhalos Across Hierarchical Levels
In LambdaCDM simulations, over 90% of subhalo sinking events occur between adjacent hierarchy levels, satellite-satellite mergers can rival central-satellite rates at low masses, and the overall merger landscape deviates from self-similarity.
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Hot or Cold? Radial Redistribution of Stars in FIRE Simulations of Milky Way-Mass Galaxies and the Asymmetry of Inward versus Outward Migrators
Simulations of Milky Way-mass galaxies reveal direction-dependent dynamical heating during stellar radial migration, with inward migrators heating, some cooling, and cold preservation uncommon especially for older stars.
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The MASSIVE SURVEY XXI: Local Variations in the Stellar Initial Mass Function of MASSIVE Early-Type Galaxies
In 37 massive ETGs, the IMF becomes less bottom-heavy with radius, with average α_IMF falling from 2.16 to 1.74 and IMF gradients dominating M/L variations over stellar population effects.
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PHANTOM: A MATLAB and Octave Toolbox Connecting Linear Field Statistics to Dark Matter Halo Observables
PHANTOM is a public MATLAB/Octave toolbox for linear field statistics and halo observables in dark matter cosmology, validated to sub-percent agreement with Python packages colossus, hmf, and halomod.
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Learning the Universe with cosmological rescaling of merger trees and semi-analytic galaxy formation models
Rescaling merger trees with a one-parameter halo-profile correction plus a semi-analytic model matches dedicated N-body suites for Ω_m and σ_8 inference at a fraction of the cost.
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Impact of projection-induced optical selection bias on the weak lensing mass calibration of galaxy clusters
Projection-induced selection bias causes 20-50% overestimation of weak lensing masses for optically selected galaxy clusters, larger on scales >3 Mpc.
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Spectral Uniformity of Little Red Dots: A Natural Outcome of Coevolving Seed Black Holes and Nascent Starbursts
Coevolving super-Eddington black holes and nuclear starbursts in high-redshift halos naturally generate the V-shaped UV-to-optical spectra and weak high-energy emission of little red dots.
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An Inverse-Compton-Boosted Cool Core Unifies Perseus's Radio and X-ray Halos
Ancient cosmic ray halos from the central galaxy boost Perseus's cool core via inverse-Compton scattering, simultaneously explaining radio minihalo, giant halo, X-ray properties, and gamma-ray data without re-acceleration.
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Euclid preparation. CosmoPostProcess: A simulation calibrated framework for weak lensing selection bias in richness-selected galaxy clusters
CosmoPostProcess delivers simulation-calibrated radial corrections for projection-induced selection bias (20-40% amplitude near 1 h^{-1} Mpc) and baryonic effects in Euclid richness-selected cluster weak lensing profiles.
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NEFERTITI: Linking early galaxy formation to the assembly of the Milky Way
NEFERTITI simulations show that the Milky Way's most metal-poor stars largely come from a handful of accreted massive dwarf galaxies, while reproducing the JWST Hebe galaxy at z~11 as a pure Population III system.
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COSMOS-Web: does halo mass alone shape the clustering of star-forming and quiescent galaxies?
Quiescent galaxies cluster more strongly than star-forming ones by 0.5-1 dex after halo-mass matching, with one-halo conformity up to z~2 that disappears at higher redshifts.
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Spherical Collapse and Halo Formation in a Cosmology with Decaying Dark Matter and a Semi-Cosmographic Dark Energy
In a decaying dark matter plus semi-cosmographic dark energy cosmology constrained by DESI BAO and ShapeFit, the spherical collapse threshold stays close to the ΛCDM value while massive halo abundance shows pronounced deviations that enable joint constraints on DDM lifetime and dark energy parameter
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Columba: isolated dwarf galaxy populations in diverse cosmological environments simulated with a cold interstellar medium
New hydrodynamical simulations show that dwarf galaxy stellar mass-halo mass relations and star formation histories are more influenced by host halo concentration than by the 5 cMpc scale environment.
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TNG SAM: Bridging Hydrodynamical Complexity and Semi-Analytic Efficiency to Model Galaxy Formation
The TNG SAM reproduces TNG hydro simulation gas and metal flows plus galaxy and halo properties within 30% accuracy out to z=6 via five targeted updates to the Santa Cruz SAM calibrated on stellar feedback-dominated galaxies.
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Cooler Phases of the Circumgalactic Medium Are More Centrally Concentrated: Constraints from Multiphase Absorption Lines
Cooler CGM phases traced by Ca II and Mg II exhibit steeper radial equivalent width profiles than the warmer C IV phase, with host-type differences and stellar-mass dependence.
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The impact of source and survey modelling on the connection between [O III] emitters and Ly $\alpha$ forest transmission at z ~ 6
Empirical halo-to-[O III] emitter modeling with realistic JWST survey mocks produces cross-correlations consistent with z~6 data within large scatter, but with a ~10 cMpc offset in the 1D peak.
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How High-Specific-Energy Winds Regulate the Circumgalactic Medium of Dwarf Galaxies
Simulations demonstrate that high-specific-energy supernova outflows sustain hot CGM at virial temperature, raise t_cool/t_ff above 10, and transition dwarf galaxy feedback from ejective to preventive mode around 5 Gyr.
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Bulgeless Evolution And the Rise of Discs (BEARD) III. A numerical simulation view of satellites around Milky-Way analogues
Simulation comparison finds bulgeless galaxies host more centrally concentrated, disc-aligned satellites with steeper faint-end luminosity functions than bulge-dominated controls, reflecting co-evolution and quieter merger histories.
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The Simulated Oxygen Shortage (SOS): Mapping the Missing OVI in Simulated Dwarf Galaxies to Subgrid Physics
The paper identifies underproduction of oxygen in low-mass simulated dwarf galaxies as the likely cause of missing OVI in the CGM, based on comparisons across two simulation suites.
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FOGGIE: Figuring Out Gas & Galaxies In Enzo XII. The Formation and Evolution of Extended HI Galactic Disks and Warps with a Dynamic Circumgalactic medium
FOGGIE cosmological simulations find that less HI-populated CGMs produce thin, coherently rotating extended disks while more populated CGMs yield irregular morphologies, with all systems settling kinematically by z=0 independent of mass.
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The evolution of the galaxy stellar mass function and star formation rates in the COLIBRE simulations from redshift 17 to 0
COLIBRE simulations match observed galaxy stellar mass functions, star formation rates, and quenched fractions from z=17 to z=0, including JWST massive quiescent galaxies at high redshift.
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Constraining Gas Mass Fractions in Galaxy Groups and Clusters with the First CHIME/FRB Outrigger
FRB dispersion measures from CHIME/FRB Outrigger constrain gas mass fractions in galaxy groups and clusters, consistent with eROSITA at R500 but with mild tension at R200.
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COLIBRE: calibrating subgrid feedback in cosmological simulations that include a cold gas phase
COLIBRE calibrates supernova and AGN feedback parameters in multi-phase ISM cosmological simulations using emulator-based fitting to reproduce the z=0 galaxy stellar mass function and size-stellar mass relation at three resolutions.
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Imprints of energy injection by compact dark stars in the 21-cm signal
Compact dark stars from asymmetric dark matter may inject energy that significantly deviates the 21-cm brightness temperature evolution from standard cosmology, offering a new probe for particle dark matter.
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Non-Equilibrium Ionisation in Photoionised Haloes: Implications for Shock Stability and Absorption-Line Signatures
UV background suppresses NEI in galaxy haloes, restoring equilibrium shock thresholds and producing extended absorption columns for OVI, CIV, and HI beyond the virial radius.
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Inferring Halo Mass and Scale Radius of Galaxy Clusters Using Convolutional Neural Networks and Uchuu-UniverseMachine Catalogs
Convolutional neural networks can infer galaxy cluster virial masses and scale radii from 2D projected position and line-of-sight velocity distributions with nearly unbiased results and reduced scatter when richness is added or training is limited to relaxed systems.
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Learning the Universe: Constrained simulations of the Coma galaxy cluster -- I. Radial X-ray and Compton-y signatures
50 constrained simulations of Coma cluster analogues reproduce the observed radial X-ray surface brightness and Compton-y profiles within the scatter expected from environment and assembly history.
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A statistical look on kinematic planes of satellite galaxies II: The physics behind their early formation in TNG50 MW/M31-like galaxies
Early kinematically persistent planes of satellite galaxies are fossil remnants of high-redshift anisotropic mass collapse along the principal directions of the local cosmic web during the fast assembly phase of host halos.
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Anisotropy of Cosmic Background Photons from Annihilating/Decaying Dark Matter
A comprehensive formulation is given for the angular power spectrum of photons from dark matter annihilation or decay, stressing that detector energy resolution is essential for accurate evaluation of line photon signals.
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Beyond Cloud-9: The case for discovering more HI-rich failed halos
Comparisons of three cosmological simulations show HI-rich failed halos occupy different mass regimes and predict that more can be discovered locally in HI-poor environments rather than at high redshift.
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Exploring the physics of ram pressure stripping with radio continuum observations in the SKA era
Perspective on using SKA-Low and SKA-Mid radio continuum to extend ram pressure stripping studies to southern clusters and z~0.5.
- Universal Fitting Formulae for the Peak Concentration of Dark Matter Halos
- Galaxy formation in modified gravity -- II. galaxy halo connection and assembly bias