A quasar pair at z=5.7 is confirmed in a galaxy merger via ALMA, setting a lower limit of >1.2% on the pair fraction at 5.5<z<6 and linking it to the PTA gravitational wave background.
hub
Title resolution pending
63 Pith papers cite this work, alongside 2,548 external citations. Polarity classification is still indexing.
63
Pith papers citing it
2,548
external citations · Crossref
abstract
We review progress over the past decade in observations of large-scale star formation, with a focus on the interface between extragalactic and Galactic studies. Methods of measuring gas contents and star formation rates are discussed, and updated prescriptions for calculating star formation rates are provided. We review relations between star formation and gas on scales ranging from entire galaxies to individual molecular clouds.
hub tools
citation-role summary
background 2
method 1
citation-polarity summary
representative citing papers
Binary evolution and cluster dynamics can change the cosmic PISN rate by more than an order of magnitude and already tension with SN 2018ibb limits unless Zmax is lowered.
JWST/MIRI detects [Ne V] 14.3 micron emission from O-star winds in 5 of 22 observed stars, enabling wind speed and mass-loss rate estimates even in weak-wind regimes.
JWST MIRI observations of 634 galaxies at 0.2<z<2 yield IR luminosity functions with faint-end slope α≈0.147, implying lower dust-obscured SFRD than previous ALMA/Herschel/Spitzer studies.
Introduces a semi-deterministic star sampling method in simulations that derives the instantaneous IMF from current cluster mass using reservoir particles and on-the-fly cluster finding.
Confirmation of 77 new heavily reddened quasars at 1.5 < z < 3.9 with high luminosities and extinctions, showing they are deficient in hot and warm dust relative to blue quasars and supporting a blow-out feedback phase.
JWST observations identify all massive young embedded star clusters in the Antennae, revealing they are extremely young, heavily obscured, and account for ~60% of the ionizing luminosity.
A new fitting methodology applied to UV absorption data recovers radial trends in galactic wind velocities and mass-loading factors by constraining initial hot and cool phase parameters in a multiphase model.
A JWST census detects neutral ISM absorption in 76 of 309 galaxies at 0.6<z<4 and outflows in 26, indicating AGN-driven neutral outflows dominate in quiescent systems at cosmic noon.
Spectroscopic observations of six low-mass, metal-poor SLSN host galaxies reveal slow stellar-wind-driven outflows with velocities 37-104 km/s and mass-loading factors below 1 in the earliest phases of star formation.
Calculations indicate low microlensing rates through NGC1052-DF2 but O(1-10) events per year possible across the sky with LSST monitoring, potentially enabling independent IMF estimates in UDGs.
GRB 160425A contains a short merger-like burst and a long collapsar-like burst separated by four minutes, challenging standard GRB classification and progenitor models.
Volume-limited HETDEX [OII] samples at z≤0.48 have number densities 5–10 imes higher than typical ELG surveys and power spectra consistent with log(M0/h−1M⊙)≈11.9–12.3 and a weak luminosity slope a=0.37±0.10.
In 37 massive ETGs, the IMF becomes less bottom-heavy with radius, with average α_IMF falling from 2.16 to 1.74 and IMF gradients dominating M/L variations over stellar population effects.
UV/optical attenuation underpredicts IR luminosity by 3-10x across 0<z<7 while κ_UV/κ_FIR falls by over an order of magnitude, pointing to evolving dust grain properties in average galaxies.
The ionization parameter inferred from O32 rises with redshift and sSFR, falls with stellar mass, and increases by ~4x from z=2 to z=6 at fixed mass and sSFR, with a ~0.3 dex model systematic.
ALMA survey of CO(7-6) and [C I](2-1) in 18 z~6 quasars yields molecular gas mass estimates from multiple tracers and indicates that PDR models cannot fully account for the observed excitation, pointing to additional heating processes.
Low-mass Paβ emitters in the Spiderweb protocluster show enhanced star formation rates compared to field galaxies, with no significant deviation at higher masses.
Resolved HI observations of six baryon-dominated dwarf galaxy candidates show four are dark-matter deficient with high baryon efficiency, two in isolated environments without tidal signs.
JWST observations of ERQs show stratified gas kinematics via deblended optical emission lines, with UV lines dominated by scattered light and optical lines mixing scattered and obscured emission.
Multi-phase observations of NGC 1427A indicate tidal torquing from a dwarf fly-by has pre-conditioned its gas for ram-pressure stripping by the Fornax intracluster medium, placing the galaxy at the onset of environmental quenching with a declining star formation rate.
Two z~6.6 galaxies host overmassive black holes and show remnant ionized bubbles from recent quasar episodes, with BH-to-stellar mass ratios 400-800 times above the local relation.
A massive galaxy at z=9.3 shows bursty star formation with a recent downturn and sits in a small ionized bubble in a neutral IGM.
BAGPIPES fitting of 9289 massive quiescent galaxies shows most SFHs rise gradually then quench in 1-2 Gyr, with faster quenching at z>1 and slower at z<1, interpreted as multiple AGN feedback and gas-supply mechanisms.
citing papers explorer
-
A Close Quasar Pair in a Massive Galaxy Merger at $z=5.7$
A quasar pair at z=5.7 is confirmed in a galaxy merger via ALMA, setting a lower limit of >1.2% on the pair fraction at 5.5<z<6 and linking it to the PTA gravitational wave background.
-
The impact of stellar binaries and star cluster dynamics on pair-instability supernovae
Binary evolution and cluster dynamics can change the cosmic PISN rate by more than an order of magnitude and already tension with SN 2018ibb limits unless Zmax is lowered.
-
Stellar winds of O-type stars traced by high ionization fine-structure emission lines with JWST/MIRI
JWST/MIRI detects [Ne V] 14.3 micron emission from O-star winds in 5 of 22 observed stars, enabling wind speed and mass-loss rate estimates even in weak-wind regimes.
-
MEGA and SMILES Find Fewer Dusty Galaxies than Expected at Cosmic Noon
JWST MIRI observations of 634 galaxies at 0.2<z<2 yield IR luminosity functions with faint-end slope α≈0.147, implying lower dust-obscured SFRD than previous ALMA/Herschel/Spitzer studies.
-
Individual Star Sampling in Star Formation Simulations: A Semi-Deterministic Model
Introduces a semi-deterministic star sampling method in simulations that derives the instantaneous IMF from current cluster mass using reservoir particles and on-the-fly cluster finding.
-
Hidden Monsters with SPHEREx I: A goldmine for heavily reddened quasars at cosmic noon
Confirmation of 77 new heavily reddened quasars at 1.5 < z < 3.9 with high luminosities and extinctions, showing they are deficient in hot and warm dust relative to blue quasars and supporting a blow-out feedback phase.
-
Nowhere Left to Hide: Uncovering All of the Massive Young Embedded Star Clusters in the Antennae with JWST
JWST observations identify all massive young embedded star clusters in the Antennae, revealing they are extremely young, heavily obscured, and account for ~60% of the ionizing luminosity.
-
Resolving the Unresolved Galactic Winds in Multi-phase Models. I. Methodology and Application
A new fitting methodology applied to UV absorption data recovers radial trends in galactic wind velocities and mass-loading factors by constraining initial hot and cool phase parameters in a multiphase model.
-
A Census of Na D-traced neutral ISM and outflows at $0.6<z<4$
A JWST census detects neutral ISM absorption in 76 of 309 galaxies at 0.6<z<4 and outflows in 26, indicating AGN-driven neutral outflows dominate in quiescent systems at cosmic noon.
-
Witnessing the onset of stellar winds in Super-Luminous Supernova Hosts: implications for star-formation-driven outflows in low and high-redshift galaxies
Spectroscopic observations of six low-mass, metal-poor SLSN host galaxies reveal slow stellar-wind-driven outflows with velocities 37-104 km/s and mass-loading factors below 1 in the earliest phases of star formation.
-
Extragalactic microlensing through Ultra Diffuse Galaxies
Calculations indicate low microlensing rates through NGC1052-DF2 but O(1-10) events per year possible across the sky with LSST monitoring, potentially enabling independent IMF estimates in UDGs.
-
An Intertwined Short and Long GRB with 4-minute Separation
GRB 160425A contains a short merger-like burst and a long collapsar-like burst separated by four minutes, challenging standard GRB classification and progenitor models.
-
HETDEX [OII] galaxies at $z \le 0.48$: Volume-limited samples and their power spectra
Volume-limited HETDEX [OII] samples at z≤0.48 have number densities 5–10 imes higher than typical ELG surveys and power spectra consistent with log(M0/h−1M⊙)≈11.9–12.3 and a weak luminosity slope a=0.37±0.10.
-
The MASSIVE SURVEY XXI: Local Variations in the Stellar Initial Mass Function of MASSIVE Early-Type Galaxies
In 37 massive ETGs, the IMF becomes less bottom-heavy with radius, with average α_IMF falling from 2.16 to 1.74 and IMF gradients dominating M/L variations over stellar population effects.
-
Dust in the Average Galaxy: Attenuation, Emission, and Opacity from 0<z<7
UV/optical attenuation underpredicts IR luminosity by 3-10x across 0<z<7 while κ_UV/κ_FIR falls by over an order of magnitude, pointing to evolving dust grain properties in average galaxies.
-
RUBIES: The Evolution of the Ionization Parameter from 0 < z < 9
The ionization parameter inferred from O32 rises with redshift and sSFR, falls with stellar mass, and increases by ~4x from z=2 to z=6 at fixed mass and sSFR, with a ~0.3 dex model systematic.
-
CO(7-6) and [C I](2-1) survey in z > 6 quasars
ALMA survey of CO(7-6) and [C I](2-1) in 18 z~6 quasars yields molecular gas mass estimates from multiple tracers and indicates that PDR models cannot fully account for the observed excitation, pointing to additional heating processes.
-
Spider-Webb: enhanced star formation in low-mass galaxies within the Spiderweb protocluster revealed by JWST Pa$\beta$ narrow-band imaging
Low-mass Paβ emitters in the Spiderweb protocluster show enhanced star formation rates compared to field galaxies, with no significant deviation at higher masses.
-
HI Observations of Baryon-Dominated Dwarf Galaxy Candidates
Resolved HI observations of six baryon-dominated dwarf galaxy candidates show four are dark-matter deficient with high baryon efficiency, two in isolated environments without tidal signs.
-
Kinematic Stratification in Extremely Red Quasars Revealed by JWST
JWST observations of ERQs show stratified gas kinematics via deblended optical emission lines, with UV lines dominated by scattered light and optical lines mixing scattered and obscured emission.
-
Tidal pre-conditioning and ram-pressure stripping in NGC 1427A. Deep VLT/MUSE spectroscopy and FUV-to-radio observations trace a Fornax Cluster dwarf in transformation
Multi-phase observations of NGC 1427A indicate tidal torquing from a dwarf fly-by has pre-conditioned its gas for ram-pressure stripping by the Fornax intracluster medium, placing the galaxy at the onset of environmental quenching with a declining star formation rate.
-
Life After the Quasar: Overmassive Black Holes and Remnant Ionised Bubbles in and Around Two z~6.6 Galaxies
Two z~6.6 galaxies host overmassive black holes and show remnant ionized bubbles from recent quasar episodes, with BH-to-stellar mass ratios 400-800 times above the local relation.
-
SPURS: Bursty Star Formation in an Extremely Luminous Weak Emission Line Galaxy at $z=9.3$
A massive galaxy at z=9.3 shows bursty star formation with a recent downturn and sits in a small ionized bubble in a neutral IGM.
-
Inferring the star-formation histories of massive quiescent galaxies with BAGPIPES: Evidence for multiple quenching mechanisms
BAGPIPES fitting of 9289 massive quiescent galaxies shows most SFHs rise gradually then quench in 1-2 Gyr, with faster quenching at z>1 and slower at z<1, interpreted as multiple AGN feedback and gas-supply mechanisms.
-
When Jets Don't Quench: Near-Infrared H$_{2}$ in Star Forming Low-Excitation Radio Galaxies
New Gemini/GNIRS observations of star-forming radio galaxies show warm H2 emission driven primarily by mergers rather than jets.
-
The EDGE-CALIFA Survey: Star Formation Efficiency and Galaxy Quenching across 62 Main Sequence, Green Valley, and Red Galaxies
New CO survey of 62 CALIFA galaxies shows median molecular gas depletion times rising from 2.1 Gyr on the main sequence to 128 Gyr in red galaxies, with SFE declining systematically below the SFMS independent of CO-to-H2 conversion factor choice.
-
Feedback in Extragalactic Star Clusters (FEAST): Spectral Energy Distributions and the Physical Properties of Star Clusters in NGC 628 with CIGALE
SED fitting of star clusters in NGC 628 identifies an evolutionary sequence from embedded young clusters to visible ones with a photo-dissociation region clearing timescale of approximately 4 Myr.
-
Spatially Resolved Nebular-Stellar Reddening with JWST/NIRISS
JWST observations of high-redshift galaxies show no evolution in dust geometry to z~2.4 and yield an empirical calibration linking resolved differential reddening to SFR surface density.
-
The Importance of Galaxy-Wide Star Formation in Driving Winds at z~1
Observational analysis of 86 z~1 galaxies shows winds correlate with galaxy-wide SFR and Σ_SFR, not compact regions, implying distributed star formation drives outflows.
-
Pressure-regulated feedback-modulated star formation as a subgrid model for galaxy formation simulations
PRFM-vol and PRFM-int subgrid models, calibrated from TIGRESS, produce shorter gas depletion times than IllustrisTNG and match TIGRESS star formation rates at high resolution while remaining robust at lower resolutions.
-
Early Results from GLASS-JWST. XXVI. Spatially Resolved Star Formation and Balmer Decrements at $1.1<z<2.3$ from NIRISS Slitless Spectroscopy
JWST observations of lensed galaxies yield tentative evidence for mass- and redshift-dependent radial gradients in nebular dust attenuation, with lower attenuation at higher redshifts and more extended SFR profiles in lower-redshift massive systems consistent with inside-out growth.
-
A study of the Physical Properties and Star Formation Activity of a Large Sample of Molecular Clouds: I Distances
Catalog of 1,573 molecular clouds with robust distances from 150 to 3000 pc determined by matching CO intensity maps to dust extinction maps, 90% measured for the first time with ~20% statistical and ~10% systematic uncertainties.
-
SDSS+JWST Census of Stellar and Nebular Dust Attenuation at $z \sim 0$-7: Mass Dependence and Redshift Evolution
Dust attenuation follows a universal mass-dependent relation from z=0 to 7 with a transition at 10^9 solar masses where nebular attenuation steepens relative to stellar.
-
COSMOS-Web: Star formation along the early Hubble sequence and the evolution of dust over the redshift range 0<z<12
Stacking analysis shows mean SFR in massive galaxies at 2<z<4.5 declines along the Hubble sequence from ~280 M⊙/yr in irregulars to ~80 M⊙/yr in spheroids, with a simple chemical evolution model explaining the rise in dust-to-stellar mass ratio out to z~8.
-
PEARLS: JWST Counterparts of Micro-Jy Radio Sources in the NEP Time Domain Field. II. All Four Spokes
Nearly every microjansky radio source in the NEP field has a bright JWST 4.4 μm host galaxy, and most hosts are star-forming, with a large minority showing active-galactic-nucleus signatures.
-
The ${}^{13}\mathrm{CO}(2{-}1)/^{12}\mathrm{CO}(2{-}1)$ Line Ratio from 100 Molecular Clouds in the Large Magellanic Cloud
Observational study of 100 LMC GMCs finds median 13CO(2-1)/12CO(2-1) line ratio of 0.078, nearly linear with luminosity, and higher in clouds hosting IR-bright young stellar objects.
-
Electromagnetic Follow-up of the Sub-Solar Mass Gravitational Wave Candidate S251112cm: Kilonova Constraints and a Coincident IIb Supernova
No kilonova detected from sub-solar GW candidate S251112cm, but coincident IIb supernova SN 2025adtq yields suggestive evidence for the superkilonova channel, though inconclusive after accounting for chance coincidence.
-
Galaxy luminosity functions from far-UV to submillimetre at $z=0$ in the COLIBRE simulations
COLIBRE simulations with SKIRT post-processing match observed galaxy luminosity functions from FUV to submm at z=0, except underpredicting bright mid-IR galaxies.
-
A Search for Rotation Measure Flare Candidates in Repeating Fast Radio Bursts
A search of repeating FRBs identifies RM flare candidates in FRB 20121102A, FRB 20201124A, and FRB 20180916B, suggesting such events may be common and tied to dynamic magneto-ionic environments.
-
Cold molecular gas distribution and kinematics in the low-metallicity dusty starburst of Mrk 996 resolved with ALMA
ALMA maps reveal offset compact CO clouds with subthermal excitation in Mrk 996, yielding a molecular gas mass of a few 10^7 solar masses and evidence for a substantial CO-dark H2 component.
-
GOALS-JWST: Resolved multi-phase molecular gas in IRAS 20551-4250 using JWST and ALMA
Multi-phase molecular gas in IRAS20551-4250 is dominated by cold CO, shows UV-heated warm H2, tidal features from a merger, and no molecular outflows, consistent with ongoing star formation.
-
Too Big to Quench? I. Constraining ISM Stripping of Dwarf Satellites in Milky Way-like Halos
Simulations constrain the mass scale for efficient ISM stripping of dwarf satellites to M_star ≲ 10^7 M_sun in MW-like halos, 0.5-1 dex below observed values, indicating additional quenching mechanisms are needed.
-
The "Red Radio Ring": Ionised and Molecular Gas in a Starburst/Active Galactic Nucleus at $z \sim 2.55$
Detection of [NII]205μm and CO lines plus SED analysis in the Red Radio Ring at z=2.55 shows co-spatial ionized and molecular gas, high column density after dust correction, and starburst-powered ISM.
-
Unveiling the Milky Way with a Gaia DR3 census of OB-type stars within 2 kpc. I. Tracing local Galactic structure, massive star-forming regions and core-collapse supernova progenitors
A Gaia DR3-based census of 105,971 OB stars within 2 kpc maps local Galactic structure and identifies over 4,200 core-collapse supernova or black hole progenitor candidates.
-
Fueling and feedback mechanisms at the nodes of the cosmic web
Proposes 80 hours of VESPER observations on ELT to obtain spatially resolved data on fueling, feedback, and quenching processes in the cores of five clusters at 1.5<z<1.7 and five protoclusters at 2<z<2.5.
-
SMGPS: A study of Galactic HII regions with extended morphology
MeerKAT radio data yield a catalogue of 1,327 extended Galactic HII regions with distances and ionising-photon fluxes, plus power-law scaling relations between luminosity, density, and radius.
-
Probing the Nature of Lyman Continuum Emitting and Low-metallicity Galaxies Using the SKA
SKA-Mid is predicted to yield samples of 10-100 low-metallicity Lyman continuum emitting galaxies per square degree, enabling multi-wavelength studies of feedback processes linked to ionizing photon escape.
-
Probing the molecular gas content of galaxies in an over-dense group at z~0.7: a test case for environmental quenching
CO observations of the COSMOS-Gr30 group at z~0.7 show average molecular gas contents reduced by 0.5 dex relative to field galaxies, with gas fractions 20-40% of main-sequence values, plus an upper limit on cold gas in the extended ionized structure.
-
Resolved Ages and Stellar Metallicities in Progenitors of Milky Way Analogs: A Closer Look at their Star Formation Histories since $z=5$
Resolved stellar property gradients in Milky Way analog progenitors show inside-out assembly with minor, temporary disruption from major mergers.
-
Exploring biases in derived stellar parameters and the ionizing photon production efficiency
Different SED fitting techniques and data types produce stellar parameters and xi_ion values differing by up to 1.1 dex even for a homogeneous sample of z=3 EoR-analog galaxies, with apparent redshift evolution of xi_ion appearing only under consistent methodology.