Discovery and characterization of the highest-redshift barred spiral galaxy candidate at z=5.102, with bar length ~4.5 kpc, stellar mass 10^10.45 solar masses, SFR 144 solar masses per year, and evidence for AGN and interaction.
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We describe a new program for determining photometric redshifts, dubbed EAZY. The program is optimized for cases where spectroscopic redshifts are not available, or only available for a biased subset of the galaxies. The code combines features from various existing codes: it can fit linear combinations of templates, it includes optional flux- and redshift-based priors, and its user interface is modeled on the popular HYPERZ code. A novel feature is that the default template set, as well as the default functional forms of the priors, are not based on (usually highly biased) spectroscopic samples, but on semi-analytical models. Furthermore, template mismatch is addressed by a novel rest-frame template error function. This function gives different wavelength regions different weights, and ensures that the formal redshift uncertainties are realistic. We introduce a redshift quality parameter, Q_z, that provides a robust estimate of the reliability of the photometric redshift estimate. Despite the fact that EAZY is not "trained" on spectroscopic samples, the code (with default parameters) performs very well on existing public datasets. For K-selected samples in CDF-South and other deep fields we find a 1-sigma scatter in dz/(1+z) of 0.034, and we provide updated photometric redshift catalogs for the FIRES, MUSYC, and FIREWORKS surveys.
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- abstract We describe a new program for determining photometric redshifts, dubbed EAZY. The program is optimized for cases where spectroscopic redshifts are not available, or only available for a biased subset of the galaxies. The code combines features from various existing codes: it can fit linear combinations of templates, it includes optional flux- and redshift-based priors, and its user interface is modeled on the popular HYPERZ code. A novel feature is that the default template set, as well as the default functional forms of the priors, are not based on (usually highly biased) spectroscopic sample
- background 1232−5.0531 2.337 34.1231−5.0531 184 22 184067 5 21.88 34.8517−4.9918 2.685 34.8517−4.9917 123 18 133251 5 21.05 34.4821−5.1436 1.924 34.482−5.1437 56 13 Spk σSpk θDC maj δθDC maj θDC min δθDC min PADC δP ADC S Code L 1.4 GHz log(M∗/M⊙) SFR µJy beam −1 µJy beam −1′′ ′′ ′′ ′′ deg deg W Hz −1 M⊙yr−1 (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (22) 61 7 0.0 0.31 0.0 0.16 0 16 S 5.5e+23 10.8 5.2 41 7 1.3 0.43 0.58 0.34 66 69 S 7.8e+23 11.0 6.2 236 9 1.27 0.1 0.6 0.07 158 8 S 6.4e+24 11.4
- background Redshift references: (1) Chen et al. (2022); (2) Khostovan et al. (2026); (3) Weaver et al. (2022); (4) Jin (private communication); (5) Brisbin et al. (2017); (6) Jin et al. (2022); (7) Mitsuhashi et al. (2021); (8) Jin et al. (2024); (9) Liu et al. (2019); (10) Miettinen et al. (2017); (11) Ikeda et al. (2026); (12) Jin et al. (2018); (13) Shuntov et al. (2025); (14) Jin et al. (2019); (15) Sillassen et al. (2025); (16) Varadaraj et al. (2026); (17) van der Vlugt et al. (2023); (18) Laloux et
- baseline 29±0.11 [16] -2.57±0.14 [15] -2.75±0.23 [5] - - 9.5-10.0 -2.43±0.13 [11] -2.78±0.08 [31] -2.48±0.08 [37] - - 10.0-10.5 -2.49±0.14 [9] -2.91±0.09 [22] -2.59±0.08 [33] -3.29±0.29 [3] - 10.5-11.0 -2.50±0.14 [9] -3.12±0.12 [14] -2.79±0.09 [21] -2.78±0.06 [32] -3.09±0.20 [17] 11.0-11.5 -2.68±0.17[6] -2.93±0.09[22] -2.62±0.08 [39] -2.67±0.05 [55] -2.93±0.09 [43] 11.5-12.0 - -3.16±0.12 [13] -2.87±0.10 [18] -2.88±0.06[34] -2.89±0.09 [47] 12.0-12.5 - - - -3.97±0.29[3] -3.36±0.16 [17] Table 2.Infrared lum
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Neither regularization nor external flux priors simultaneously preserve sample size and photometric-redshift accuracy compared to truncating the fitted catalog at a magnitude limit matching the survey depth.
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Deep-learning deconvolution of ground-based imaging reveals that cluster environments at z>1 predominantly quench star formation from the outside in at low masses, and that integrated colors overestimate the quiescent fraction by about 24%.
Stacked JWST/NIRSpec spectra of 135 z=6-10 galaxies show supersolar N/O that is highest after a star-formation lull, consistent with delayed AGB enrichment and pristine gas inflows.
AT2019ijn combines LFBOT-like fast optical rise and blue color with slow decay and radio luminosity peaking late at 2e31 erg/s/Hz, best fit as an off-axis jetted IMBH TDE.
Anisotropic quenching is detected at the highest redshift yet and linked to preprocessing dominating over intrahalo effects by ~20% along the major axis in a delay-then-rapid quenching model informed by cluster accretion histories.
New template-fitting selection yields 241 BH*-dominated LRD candidates at z~1.7-9.3 with number density peaking at z~5-6, demonstrating persistence to lower redshifts.
JWST MIRI observations of 634 galaxies at 0.2<z<2 yield IR luminosity functions with faint-end slope α≈0.147, implying lower dust-obscured SFRD than previous ALMA/Herschel/Spitzer studies.
The W cloud is reinterpreted as a disrupting galaxy group with a dynamically coherent tidal tail delivering low-mass star-forming dwarfs to the Virgo cluster.
JWST difference imaging from COSMOS-Web and PRIMER has yielded 68 high-redshift supernovae including a core-collapse event at z>3 and a Type Ia at z>2, demonstrating the feasibility of wide-area time-domain searches in the early universe.
Lensed LRD A383-LRD1 resolves into blue and red components ~300 pc apart whose combined light produces the canonical V-shaped SED.
The lensed galaxy AMORE6 at z=5.725 shows H-beta but no [OIII], giving an oxygen abundance upper limit of 0.19% solar, the most metal-poor galaxy known.
A 32-source X-ray sample yields a z=4-10 AGN luminosity function that is up to two orders of magnitude above model extrapolations at z=7-10.
A z=1.14 'infinity' galaxy hosts an accreting supermassive black hole between two ringed nuclei, possibly formed by direct collapse in collision-shocked gas.
Strong Lyα emitters at z~7-8.5 are preferentially found in galaxy overdensities comparable in size to predicted ionized bubbles, with the EGS field showing evidence for an unusually large ionized sightline.
In 683 massive quiescent galaxies at 0.6<z<1.0, spectroscopically measured metallicity rises perpendicular to the quiescent sequence in the UVJ diagram, opposite to fsps and BC03 model predictions.
Dwarf galaxies in dense environments show an X-ray-detected AGN fraction of about 22.5%, versus 1.4% in low-density environments, at stellar masses below 5e8 solar masses.
Very bright JWST dropout galaxies are mostly low-redshift dusty or old galaxies, with only a small fraction likely to be genuine ultra-luminous high-redshift galaxies.
A point-cloud neural network trained on simulated galaxies identifies z~4 protocluster member candidates from broadband photometry with higher purity than density-based methods and yields 121 candidates in HSC-SSP.
Eight quadruple-image lenses bound the dark matter half-mode mass to below 10^7.8 solar masses, corresponding to a thermal relic mass above 5.2 keV, with substructure abundance consistent with cold dark matter.
A sample of 39 ALMA-detected, optically invisible massive galaxies at z>3 shows that dark dusty galaxies dominate the massive galaxy population in the early universe.
A new catalogue of bar lengths and widths from HST images of 8230 galaxies shows bars are about 13% weaker at higher redshift, with longer bars in higher-mass quiescent galaxies and trends consistent with slow quenching.
Resolved gas and dust maps in a z=2 quiescent galaxy reveal accreted material from tidal interactions and a past star-formation rejuvenation, indicating that gas content variations are not solely due to consumption timescales.
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A massive barred spiral galaxy at z = 5.102 discovered by JWST
Discovery and characterization of the highest-redshift barred spiral galaxy candidate at z=5.102, with bar length ~4.5 kpc, stellar mass 10^10.45 solar masses, SFR 144 solar masses per year, and evidence for AGN and interaction.
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TractorJAX: GPU-Accelerated SPHEREx Forced Photometry and the Trade-offs of Regularization and External Priors
Neither regularization nor external flux priors simultaneously preserve sample size and photometric-redshift accuracy compared to truncating the fitted catalog at a magnitude limit matching the survey depth.
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Learning JWST. I. A Foundation Model for New Population Discoveries and Morphology-Aware Photometric Redshift Measurements in the JADES Survey
A self-supervised multi-modal foundation model trained on JWST JADES data enables blind discovery of rare galaxy populations and significantly improves three-band photometric redshift estimates compared to template fitting.
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The GOGREEN Survey: AI Powered Deconvolution Lifts The Veil on Outside-in Environmental Quenching at z > 1
Deep-learning deconvolution of ground-based imaging reveals that cluster environments at z>1 predominantly quench star formation from the outside in at low masses, and that integrated colors overestimate the quiescent fraction by about 24%.
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Unveiling and Characterising Ubiquitous Nitrogen Enhancement in $6 \leq z \leq 10$ Galaxies with JWST Spectroscopy
Stacked JWST/NIRSpec spectra of 135 z=6-10 galaxies show supersolar N/O that is highest after a star-formation lull, consistent with delayed AGB enrichment and pristine gas inflows.
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AT2019ijn: a fast-rising, slow-decaying blue optical transient with exceptionally bright radio emission
AT2019ijn combines LFBOT-like fast optical rise and blue color with slow decay and radio luminosity peaking late at 2e31 erg/s/Hz, best fit as an off-axis jetted IMBH TDE.
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Anisotropic quenching beyond $z=1$ and its implications for preprocessing around high-redshift galaxy clusters
Anisotropic quenching is detected at the highest redshift yet and linked to preprocessing dominating over intrahalo effects by ~20% along the major axis in a delay-then-rapid quenching model informed by cluster accretion histories.
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Black Hole Stars Across the Universe: Identifying Central Engine Dominated Little Red Dots at $z\sim1.5-9.5$
New template-fitting selection yields 241 BH*-dominated LRD candidates at z~1.7-9.3 with number density peaking at z~5-6, demonstrating persistence to lower redshifts.
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MEGA and SMILES Find Fewer Dusty Galaxies than Expected at Cosmic Noon
JWST MIRI observations of 634 galaxies at 0.2<z<2 yield IR luminosity functions with faint-end slope α≈0.147, implying lower dust-obscured SFRD than previous ALMA/Herschel/Spitzer studies.
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Hierarchical assembly in action: a galaxy tail from a disrupting group in the Virgo cluster outskirts
The W cloud is reinterpreted as a disrupting galaxy group with a dynamically coherent tidal tail delivering low-mass star-forming dwarfs to the Virgo cluster.
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Expanding the High-z Supernova Frontier: "Wide-Area" JWST Discoveries from the First Two Years of COSMOS-Web
JWST difference imaging from COSMOS-Web and PRIMER has yielded 68 high-redshift supernovae including a core-collapse event at z>3 and a Type Ia at z>2, demonstrating the feasibility of wide-area time-domain searches in the early universe.
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(Re)solving the Complex Multiscale Morphology and V-shaped Spectral Energy Distribution of a Newly Discovered Strongly Lensed Little Red Dot in A383
Lensed LRD A383-LRD1 resolves into blue and red components ~300 pc apart whose combined light produces the canonical V-shaped SED.
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Pristine Massive Star Formation Caught at the Break of Cosmic Dawn
The lensed galaxy AMORE6 at z=5.725 shows H-beta but no [OIII], giving an oxygen abundance upper limit of 0.19% solar, the most metal-poor galaxy known.
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Measurements of the z=4-10 X-ray Luminosity Function: the high space density of moderate-luminosity, obscured AGN
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The Infinity Galaxy: a Candidate Direct-Collapse Supermassive Black Hole Between Two Massive, Ringed Nuclei
A z=1.14 'infinity' galaxy hosts an accreting supermassive black hole between two ringed nuclei, possibly formed by direct collapse in collision-shocked gas.
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The Impact of Galaxy Overdensities and Ionized Bubbles on Ly$\alpha$ Emission at $z\sim7.0-8.5$
Strong Lyα emitters at z~7-8.5 are preferentially found in galaxy overdensities comparable in size to predicted ionized bubbles, with the EGS field showing evidence for an unusually large ionized sightline.
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Ages and metallicities of quiescent galaxies: confronting broadband ($UVJ$) colours with stellar absorption lines
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Environmental Dependence of X-Ray Emission From The Least Massive Galaxies
Dwarf galaxies in dense environments show an X-ray-detected AGN fraction of about 22.5%, versus 1.4% in low-density environments, at stellar masses below 5e8 solar masses.
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On The Very Bright Dropouts Selected Using the James Webb Space Telescope NIRCam Instrument
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Warm dark matter chills out: constraints on the halo mass function and the free-streaming length of dark matter with 8 quadruple-image strong gravitational lenses
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A dominant population of optically invisible massive galaxies in the early Universe
A sample of 39 ALMA-detected, optically invisible massive galaxies at z>3 shows that dark dusty galaxies dominate the massive galaxy population in the early universe.
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Galaxy Zoo Bar Lengths: A Catalogue of Measurements from Hubble Space Telescope Images and the Evolution of Galactic Bar Structure at z < 1
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Resolved Maps of Gas and Dust in a Massive Quiescent Galaxy at z=2 from INQUEST-JWST: Evidence of Accretion and Rejuvenation
Resolved gas and dust maps in a z=2 quiescent galaxy reveal accreted material from tidal interactions and a past star-formation rejuvenation, indicating that gas content variations are not solely due to consumption timescales.
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Subaru meets JWST: A Direct Measurement of Ly$\boldsymbol{\alpha}$ Escape Fraction at $\boldsymbol{z\simeq6.2}$ with Dual Narrow-Band Imaging
Completeness-weighted stacking of 56 HAEs at z≃6.2 gives median f_esc^Lyα = 0.106^{+0.066}_{-0.044} with no strong Hα-luminosity dependence and UV-linked galaxy-to-galaxy trends.
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The MIRI Early Obscured-AGN Wide Survey (MEOW): A Population of Hidden AGN at $z \gtrsim 5$ Revealed by JWST/MIRI Imaging
MEOW MIRI survey identifies 16 high-z obscured AGN whose bolometric luminosity function at z=4.5-6 is comparable to broad-line AGN and LRDs, establishing MIRI as essential for a complete early SMBH census.
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Deep X-ray View of a Distant Protocluster Anchored by a Quasar at $z=6.63$: No Evidence for Enhanced X-ray AGN Activity
The first deep X-ray survey of a spectroscopically confirmed protocluster at z=6.63 finds no individual or stacked AGN signal, limiting the X-ray AGN fraction to <0.09 and any additional enhancement to <17.5 times the field expectation.
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A Comprehensive JWST Slitless Spectroscopic Census of $\sim$12,000 Emission-Line Galaxies at Redshift $0\sim9$ in COSMOS
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JWST CAPERS: Spectroscopic evaluation of very high redshift galaxy candidates
Spectroscopic follow-up of 183 very-high-redshift galaxy candidates shows that weighting photometric redshift estimates with a UV luminosity function prior is the most efficient selection method, raising confirmation success from about 35% to 77%.
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Precise C-N-O Abundances of Individual Galaxies in the First Billion Years from Ultra-Deep, Rest-UV-to-Optical JWST Spectroscopy
Direct electron-temperature abundances from nine z=6-8.3 galaxies show C/O follows the local relation while N/O depends strongly on tracer choice.
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Diverse Metallicities in Protoclusters at $z \sim 3.4$ detected by Deep Learning
Spectroscopic follow-up confirms four protoclusters at z~3.4 selected by the deep learning model PCFNet, with marginal diversity in gas-phase metallicity among them.
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A sub-100 pc view at z~5 of a Multiply-Imaged Massive Quiescent Galaxy
A lensed massive quiescent galaxy at z=5.18, resolved at about 70 pc, shows an extended profile and off-center emission, interpreted as quenching without a compaction event or an unobscured central AGN.
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Physical properties of star-forming clumps in nearby galaxies from CLAUDS and HSC-SSP
A population of ~710,000 star-forming clumps in nearby galaxies is cataloged, showing a young-clump mass function slope of -1.98 and negative radial gradients in stellar mass and age consistent with inward migration and bulge growth.
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Galaxy-Galaxy Strong Lensing simulation with the GPU acceleration across surveys and multi-bands
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Rubin J122659.4+090236: An Extremely Low Surface Brightness Galaxy Candidate Discovered in the Rubin LSST Early Data Preview 2
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The JWST Emission Line Survey (JELS): A narrow-band determination of the H$\alpha$ Luminosity Function and Cosmic Star Formation into the Epoch of Reionization
First narrow-band Hα luminosity function at z~6.1 using 39 emitters from JELS, giving star-formation rate density log10(SFRD) = -1.93 (η_dust=1) and -2.00 (η_dust=0.44) M⊙ yr⁻¹ Mpc⁻³.
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Skyfire: A Spectroscopic Census of Little Red Dots and Broad-Line AGN in the CEERS Field
A systematic JWST/NIRSpec spectroscopic census in the CEERS field finds that Little Red Dots are part of a continuous broad-line AGN population extending to bluer colors, with 80.9% of bright LRDs showing broad emission lines.
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The Evolution of Low-Ionization Electron Densities in Galaxies Across Cosmic Epochs
JWST measurements of 703 galaxies suggest that the typical low-ionization gas density in galaxies rises from z=0 to z about 4, then flattens or declines at z>4, contrary to a single power-law increase.
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The MAGPI Survey: Emission Line Products Data Release and the Role of Spectroscopic Aperture Covering Fraction on the Balmer Decrement-Stellar Mass Relation
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ALMA observations of pre-JWST z ~ 10 galaxy candidates: A CO(J = 9-8) line from a ULIRG at z = 2.54 and revisit of the photometric redshifts with JWST photometry
ALMA follow-up reveals that most HST/Spitzer-selected z~10 candidates are low-redshift interlopers, with one confirmed as a z=2.54 ULIRG via CO(9-8), and stricter colour thresholds improve high-z sample purity.
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FLAGS II: Constraining Galaxy Formation Models with Dimensionality Reduction of Direct Observables
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CORN -- Chronometers of Relic Nature I: The first estimate of the expansion rate of the Universe using compact relic galaxies
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JWST PRIMER: Post-starburst galaxies dominate the low-mass quiescent galaxy population since z~2
Post-starburst galaxies drive the low-mass upturn in the quiescent galaxy mass function out to z~2.25, and a simple model in which all post-starbursts become passive overpredicts low-mass passive galaxies at later times.
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Quiescent Host Galaxies of Extended Quasars Revealed by Spectrophotometric Decomposition
Host galaxies of extended, low-redshift quasars are mostly quiescent and often post-starburst, unlike the star-forming hosts found for compact quasars.
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VAR-PZnn: A machine-learning framework for AGN photometric redshifts using color and variability-based features
VAR-PZnn combines ZTF g-band variability features with optical, MIR and NIR photometry in a mixture-density network to estimate AGN photometric redshifts with σ_NMAD=0.058 and an 8.2% outlier fraction on a 72,728-source spectroscopic sample.
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The S-PLUS Fifth Data-Release: Over 4500 square degrees of the Southern Sky and a multicolor view of the Hydra and Antlia galaxy clusters
S-PLUS DR5 is a 4,592 deg², 12-filter public release with new Galactic-plane coverage and a 1,706-member Hydra–Antlia cluster catalog.
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Spatial decomposition of Little Red Dots with JWST/NIRSpec IFU into broad-line red cores and narrow-line blue host galaxies
Spatially resolved JWST/NIRSpec IFU spectroscopy of five z~5 Little Red Dots shows blue continuum and narrow lines from extended hosts and red continuum plus broad Balmer features from compact cores.
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Star-forming clump detection in nearby galaxies using Faster R-CNN and $ugrizy$ imaging data from CLAUDS and HSC-SSP
A six-band Faster R-CNN with the Zoobot backbone detects star-forming clump candidates in ~700,000 local galaxies, claiming ~90% completeness and ~80% purity for clumps brighter than the surveys' detection limits.
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The multiwavelength structure of post-starburst galaxies at 0.5 < z < 3 with JWST PRIMER: compact morphologies and residual disturbances
Post-starburst galaxies show compact morphologies with minimal wavelength-dependent structural change and low overall disturbance levels, except for enhanced residual asymmetry in massive systems at z > 1, supporting two distinct quenching pathways.