First observation of the B_c^{*+} meson with mass difference 64.5 MeV from the ground-state B_c^+ at >8 sigma significance using ATLAS data.
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Asymptotic formulae for likelihood-based tests of new physics
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We describe likelihood-based statistical tests for use in high energy physics for the discovery of new phenomena and for construction of confidence intervals on model parameters. We focus on the properties of the test procedures that allow one to account for systematic uncertainties. Explicit formulae for the asymptotic distributions of test statistics are derived using results of Wilks and Wald. We motivate and justify the use of a representative data set, called the "Asimov data set", which provides a simple method to obtain the median experimental sensitivity of a search or measurement as well as fluctuations about this expectation.
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- abstract We describe likelihood-based statistical tests for use in high energy physics for the discovery of new phenomena and for construction of confidence intervals on model parameters. We focus on the properties of the test procedures that allow one to account for systematic uncertainties. Explicit formulae for the asymptotic distributions of test statistics are derived using results of Wilks and Wald. We motivate and justify the use of a representative data set, called the "Asimov data set", which provides a simple method to obtain the median experimental sensitivity of a search or measurement as w
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representative citing papers
No excess observed in search for vector-like top quark T to tH in opposite-sign dilepton final states; 95% CL upper limits on sigma times BR range from 2.0 pb at 600 GeV to 0.1 pb at 1000 GeV.
Neural simulation-based inference on unbinned top-quark pair data at 13 TeV yields improved gluon PDF precision over traditional binned analyses while incorporating experimental and theoretical uncertainties.
ATLAS reports an 8+ sigma excess in ttbar production near threshold, consistent with NRQCD quasi-bound states and measuring 9.3 pb.
Pseudo double-source plane lenses enable statistical strong lensing tomography that forecasts σ(w0) ~ 0.45 from the LSST 10-year photometric sample in flat w0waCDM cosmology.
Earth screening of quadratically coupled ultralight dark matter produces a multi-band frequency structure in the induced force whose sideband amplitudes vary annually, enabling improved constraints from MICROSCOPE and future EP missions.
CMS provides first evidence for electroweak ZZjj production in the ℓℓννjj final state with measured cross section 0.37 fb agreeing with SM prediction 0.39 fb at 3.1σ (5.0σ combined), plus limits on anomalous quartic gauge couplings.
First search for high-frequency gravitational waves via inverse Gertsenshtein conversion in Earth's magnetic field with VLA and ALMA sets new upper limits h_c ≲ 10^{-18} from 1 GHz to 1 THz.
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Energy correlators can convert scaling violations into angular bump hunting for new physics, yielding projected competitive LHC sensitivity for a light hadrophilic Z'.
CMS measures Υ(1S,2S,3S) → τ⁺τ⁻ with 5.8σ significance and cross section 3.5 ± 0.7 (stat) ± 0.7 (syst) nb while setting 95% CL upper limits of 40-400 pb on spin-zero resonance production to ττ with no observed excess in 61.9 fb⁻¹ of 13.6 TeV data.
Introduces Gaussian Process eigenmodes to unify statistical and systematic template uncertainties, replacing per-bin factors with truncated leading modes while containing Barlow-Beeston as a limiting case.
First differential cross-sections for γγ→ττ in Pb+Pb collisions yield 95% CL intervals -0.057 < a_τ < 0.035 and |d_τ| < 2.7×10^{-16} e cm.
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Relative branching fraction B(B0 → Λc+ Λc- KS0)/B(B+ → Λc+ Λc- K+) measured as 0.53 ± 0.05 ± 0.05 with 3.9σ evidence for Ξc(2923)+ and Ξc(2939)+ resonances consistent with isospin partners.
Proposes satellite-based artificial pulsar polarization arrays (APPA) that simulations show can set tighter 95% C.L. upper limits on g_aγ than ground observations for axion masses 10^{-22} to 10^{-18} eV.
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Correlated HNL discovery at SHiP and flavor ratio shifts in astrophysical neutrinos at telescopes would establish neutrinos as Majorana fermions.
DNN analysis of pp → WR → ℓNR → ℓℓjj at LHC Run 2 and HL-LHC improves exclusion limits on m_WR and m_NR for unmixed, maximal-mixing, and PMNS-like scenarios over cut-based methods and probes the |Ve1|–|Vμ1| plane.
No significant excess observed in search for SUEP signatures with muons; exclusion limits set on mediator cross section times branching fraction down to 0.05 fb at 750 GeV.
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The ttbar production cross section in PbPb collisions at 5.36 TeV is measured as 3.42 +0.54-0.51 (stat) +0.50-0.43 (syst) μb and is consistent with NNLO pQCD predictions using nuclear PDFs.
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citing papers explorer
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Proton Structure from Neural Simulation-Based Inference at the LHC
Neural simulation-based inference on unbinned top-quark pair data at 13 TeV yields improved gluon PDF precision over traditional binned analyses while incorporating experimental and theoretical uncertainties.
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Observation of a cross-section enhancement near the $t\bar{t}$ production threshold in $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV $pp$ collisions with the ATLAS detector
ATLAS reports an 8+ sigma excess in ttbar production near threshold, consistent with NRQCD quasi-bound states and measuring 9.3 pb.
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Background-Induced Forces from Quadratically Coupled Ultralight Dark Matter
Earth screening of quadratically coupled ultralight dark matter produces a multi-band frequency structure in the induced force whose sideband amplitudes vary annually, enabling improved constraints from MICROSCOPE and future EP missions.
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Observation of electroweak production of pairs of Z bosons in proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV
CMS provides first evidence for electroweak ZZjj production in the ℓℓννjj final state with measured cross section 0.37 fb agreeing with SM prediction 0.39 fb at 3.1σ (5.0σ combined), plus limits on anomalous quartic gauge couplings.
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Search for High-Frequency Gravitational Waves via Geomagnetic Conversion with Radio Telescopes
First search for high-frequency gravitational waves via inverse Gertsenshtein conversion in Earth's magnetic field with VLA and ALMA sets new upper limits h_c ≲ 10^{-18} from 1 GHz to 1 THz.
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Search for electroweak scale dijet resonances in pile-up collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV with the ATLAS detector
No significant excess found in low-mass dijet spectrum from pile-up collisions; exclusion limits set on Gaussian and simplified dark matter models with 1.3 pb^{-1} effective luminosity.
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Bump Hunting Inside Jets with Energy Correlators
Energy correlators can convert scaling violations into angular bump hunting for new physics, yielding projected competitive LHC sensitivity for a light hadrophilic Z'.
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Search for low-mass resonances decaying to $\tau\tau$ and measurement of the $\Upsilon$ $\to$ $\tau\tau$ decay in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13.6 TeV
CMS measures Υ(1S,2S,3S) → τ⁺τ⁻ with 5.8σ significance and cross section 3.5 ± 0.7 (stat) ± 0.7 (syst) nb while setting 95% CL upper limits of 40-400 pb on spin-zero resonance production to ττ with no observed excess in 61.9 fb⁻¹ of 13.6 TeV data.
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Gaussian Process Eigenmodes for Statistical and Systematic Uncertainties in Template Fits
Introduces Gaussian Process eigenmodes to unify statistical and systematic template uncertainties, replacing per-bin factors with truncated leading modes while containing Barlow-Beeston as a limiting case.
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Differential measurements of $\gamma\gamma\to\tau\tau$ and constraints on $\tau$-lepton electromagnetic moments in Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_\text{NN}}} = 5.02$ TeV with ATLAS
First differential cross-sections for γγ→ττ in Pb+Pb collisions yield 95% CL intervals -0.057 < a_τ < 0.035 and |d_τ| < 2.7×10^{-16} e cm.
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Forecasting graviton-mass constraints from the full covariance of PTA-astrometry ORF estimators
A full-covariance formalism for PTA-astrometry ORF estimators forecasts graviton-mass upper limits of 4.41e-24 eV/c2 for current-like setups and 0.48e-24 eV/c2 for SKA/Theia-like future setups, with astrometry adding significant power in the latter case.
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Study of the $B^0 \to \Lambda_c^+ \bar{\Lambda}_c^- K_S^0$ decay
Relative branching fraction B(B0 → Λc+ Λc- KS0)/B(B+ → Λc+ Λc- K+) measured as 0.53 ± 0.05 ± 0.05 with 3.9σ evidence for Ξc(2923)+ and Ξc(2939)+ resonances consistent with isospin partners.
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Artificial Precision Polarization Array: Sensitivity for the axion-like dark matter with clock satellites
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Quantum Information as a New Lens for Precision Neutrino Physics
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Are neutrinos Majorana? Fixed-target and high-energy astrophysical searches decide
Correlated HNL discovery at SHiP and flavor ratio shifts in astrophysical neutrinos at telescopes would establish neutrinos as Majorana fermions.
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Probing lepton flavor mixing in $W_R$ searches with machine learning at the LHC
DNN analysis of pp → WR → ℓNR → ℓℓjj at LHC Run 2 and HL-LHC improves exclusion limits on m_WR and m_NR for unmixed, maximal-mixing, and PMNS-like scenarios over cut-based methods and probes the |Ve1|–|Vμ1| plane.
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Search for soft unclustered energy patterns containing muons in the final state in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector
No significant excess observed in search for SUEP signatures with muons; exclusion limits set on mediator cross section times branching fraction down to 0.05 fb at 750 GeV.
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RooAgent: An LLM Agent for Root-Based High Energy Physics Analysis
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Measurement of the top quark pair production cross section in PbPb collisions at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}}$ = 5.36 TeV
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Precision measurement of positron decay modes of Xe-125 in the LUX-ZEPLIN experiment
Xe-125 positron decay branching ratio measured as 0.29% at 5.5 sigma significance, providing the first constraint on individual levels in I-125.
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Probing Higgs and Top Interactions through the Muon Lens at multi-TeV Muon Colliders
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Probing the Solar $^8$B Neutrino Fog with XENONnT
XENONnT measures solar 8B neutrino coherent scattering at 3.3 sigma, finds no light dark matter, and constrains the weak mixing angle at low momentum transfer.
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Shapes are not enough: CONSERVAttack and its use for finding vulnerabilities and uncertainties in machine learning applications
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Observation of $W^{+}W^{-}\gamma$ production in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector and constraints on anomalous quartic gauge-boson couplings
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Distinguishing Neutron Star vs. Low-Mass Black Hole Binaries with Late Inspiral & Postmerger Gravitational Waves $-$ Sensitivity to Transmuted Black Holes and Non-Annihilating Dark Matter
Future high-frequency-sensitive GW detectors can distinguish binary neutron star from low-mass black hole mergers in late phases, enabling separation of merger rates and constraints on heavy non-annihilating dark matter via transmuted black holes.
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Study of ZZ and ZH production in the bb$\tau\tau$ final state and search for high-mass spin-0 and spin-1 resonances in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
CMS sets 95% CL upper limits on σ(X)B(X→ZZ) (300 pb–24 fb) and σ(Z')B(Z'→ZH) (0.4 pb–12 fb) for resonances up to 6 TeV in the bbττ channel with no SM deviation observed.
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GPU-accelerated spectrum reweighting for new-physics searches in solar neutrino--electron scattering
A GPU-accelerated reweighting method speeds up likelihood evaluations for new-physics searches in neutrino-electron scattering by using precomputed spectra and response kernels.
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Vector-Like Lepton Pair Production With Polarized Beams at Linear Colliders:Sensitivity Projections and Chirality Observables
Tree-level cross sections and chirality observables for vector-like lepton doublet production at polarized ILC and CLIC, with sensitivity projections for benchmark masses.
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Accelerating Discovery: Model-Agnostic Likelihoods for the Reinterpretation of Particle Physics Results and their Application to the Belle II $B^{+}\to K^{+}\nu\bar{\nu}$ Measurement
A reweighting method creates model-agnostic likelihoods from histogram analyses, applied to Belle II B+ to K+ nu nubar data for WET constraints and light new physics searches.
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Too Heavy to Hide: Gamma-Ray Constraints on Annihilating Dark Matter beyond Unitarity
Gamma-ray upper limits from five high-energy observatories constrain the annihilation cross sections of composite dark matter in the mass range 10^5--10^12 GeV.
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Dark Z' at a Muon Collider: Radiative Return versus Vector Boson Fusion
Muon collider sensitivity to dark Z' via radiative return versus vector boson fusion allows mixing parameter extraction from relative rates.
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Search for heavy Majorana neutrinos at muon-proton colliders via lepton-number-violating signals
Simulates LNV signals from heavy Majorana neutrinos (200-3000 GeV) at a 5.3 TeV μp collider and projects 2σ limits on |V_ℓN|² superior to LHC bounds for 100 fb⁻¹ and 1 ab⁻¹ luminosities.
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Probing the Higgs-top Yukawa interaction in the $t\bar{t}H$ and $tH$ processes using $H\rightarrow\gamma\gamma$ with the ATLAS detector
ATLAS measures ttH cross section times BR(H→γγ) at 1.13 SM with 164 fb⁻¹ at 13.6 TeV, sets tH limit at 6.2 SM, and combined with prior data excludes |α|>38° and purely CP-odd coupling at 5.8σ.
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Search for single production of a vector-like B' quark decaying to a top quark and a W boson in the single-lepton final state in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
CMS excludes narrow-width singlet vector-like B' quarks with masses 0.8-1.23 TeV in the tW channel using neural-network tagging and data-driven background modeling.
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Oscillating Imprints of Dark Matter in Mesons Decays
Ultralight dark matter induces oscillating CKM elements that can be probed at NA62 through direct counting of meson decay events, which avoids sensitivity loss from unknown particle flux.
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Search for Higgs boson decays into two neutral scalars with unequal masses in final states with b quarks and tau leptons in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
No statistically significant excess is observed in the search for Higgs decays to two neutral scalars with unequal masses, setting 95% CL upper limits between 0.9 and 36.8 pb depending on mass and decay scenario.
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Heavy Vector Triplets at a Muon Collider
Muon colliders can probe heavy vector triplets up to 12 TeV, competitive with HE-LHC but below FCC-hh projections, including indirect electroweak precision limits.
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Time-dependent signals of new physics at the LHC
Incorporating timing information from time-dependent new physics signals can improve LHC search sensitivity by up to a factor of two compared to standard time-invariant analyses.
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Electronic Direct Detection of Light Dark Matter with Intermediate-Mass Mediators
For sub-GeV dark matter, the light and heavy mediator mass limits in direct detection are separated by up to three orders of magnitude in mediator mass, enabling precise sensitivity calculations for Si, Ge, and DAMIC-M targets.
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LHC Mono-$W/Z$ Signatures as a Probe for Dark Matter Explanations of Astrophysical Excesses
LHC mono-W/Z searches with a new channel-separation method can exclude large ranges of neutral and charged mass splittings in the 70-75 GeV IDM dark matter scenario that fits astrophysical excesses.
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Sensitivity of the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory to Gamma-Ray Signals in Dwarf Irregular Galaxies
CTAO could set competitive limits on dark matter annihilation cross sections from dwarf irregular galaxies, reaching around 2×10^{-24} cm³/s for 100 GeV WIMPs in the tau channel and exceeding dwarf spheroidal expectations for velocity-dependent cases due to subhalos.
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Search for light charged Higgs bosons decaying to charm and strange quarks in $\mathrm{t\bar{t}}$ events in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
No evidence found for light charged Higgs bosons in ttbar events; upper limits set on B(t to H±b) of 0.07-1.12% at 95% CL for masses 40-160 GeV assuming 100% decay to cs.
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Kitchen Sink Anomaly Detection
A combined kitchen sink observable set of Energy Flow Polynomials and subjettiness variables outperforms standard baselines in sensitivity to a wide range of resonant signals, with new public benchmarks released and an attribute bagging variant reducing training cost.
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A search for microscopic black holes, string balls, and sphalerons in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
No evidence found; excludes semiclassical black holes below 8.4-11.4 TeV and string balls below 9.0-10.7 TeV at 95% CL, and caps the quark-quark sphaleron fraction above 9 TeV at 0.0034.
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DREAMuS: Dark matter REsearch with Advanced Muon Source
DREAMuS proposes a muon-beam fixed-target setup at HIAF to probe GeV-scale muon-philic dark matter with sensitivity to couplings around 10^{-4} using background-suppressed signatures from a light flavor-violating mediator.
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Wave-Function Femtometry: Hypertriton - The Ultimate Halo Nucleus
Hypertriton production yield in LHC pp collisions, described by nuclear coalescence, confirms its halo structure with a Lambda separation of 9.54 fm from the deuteron core.
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LHC signatures of a light pseudoscalar in a flipped two-Higgs scenario: the usefulness of boosted $b{\bar b}$ pairs
Boosted di-b-jet tagging plus BDT analysis yields 5-10 sigma significance for a light pseudoscalar in flipped 2HDM with 3 ab^{-1} including 10% systematics.
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Aspects of a Five-Dimensional $U(1)_{L_\mu - L_\tau}$ Model at Future Muon-Based Colliders
Future muon colliders can probe Kaluza-Klein excitations of a 5D U(1)_{Lμ-Lτ} gauge boson across MeV to TeV masses with couplings down to 10^{-5}.
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New benchmarks for direct detection of freeze-in dark matter in vector portal models
Freeze-in at low reheating temperatures allows MeV-scale dark matter in vector portal models to be probed by future direct detection experiments in nuclear recoils for 50-500 MeV masses and via enhanced solar neutrino coherent scattering.
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Joint Constraints on Neutrinos and Dynamical Dark Energy in Minimally Modified Gravity
The w†VCDM model shows a statistically significant preference for late-time quintessence-phantom crossing dark energy, raises the Hubble constant, and satisfies neutrino mass and Neff constraints from current cosmological datasets.