First observation of the B_c^{*+} meson with mass difference 64.5 MeV from the ground-state B_c^+ at >8 sigma significance using ATLAS data.
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Asymptotic formulae for likelihood-based tests of new physics
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We describe likelihood-based statistical tests for use in high energy physics for the discovery of new phenomena and for construction of confidence intervals on model parameters. We focus on the properties of the test procedures that allow one to account for systematic uncertainties. Explicit formulae for the asymptotic distributions of test statistics are derived using results of Wilks and Wald. We motivate and justify the use of a representative data set, called the "Asimov data set", which provides a simple method to obtain the median experimental sensitivity of a search or measurement as well as fluctuations about this expectation.
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- abstract We describe likelihood-based statistical tests for use in high energy physics for the discovery of new phenomena and for construction of confidence intervals on model parameters. We focus on the properties of the test procedures that allow one to account for systematic uncertainties. Explicit formulae for the asymptotic distributions of test statistics are derived using results of Wilks and Wald. We motivate and justify the use of a representative data set, called the "Asimov data set", which provides a simple method to obtain the median experimental sensitivity of a search or measurement as w
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representative citing papers
No excess observed in search for vector-like top quark T to tH in opposite-sign dilepton final states; 95% CL upper limits on sigma times BR range from 2.0 pb at 600 GeV to 0.1 pb at 1000 GeV.
Neural simulation-based inference on unbinned top-quark pair data at 13 TeV yields improved gluon PDF precision over traditional binned analyses while incorporating experimental and theoretical uncertainties.
ATLAS reports an 8+ sigma excess in ttbar production near threshold, consistent with NRQCD quasi-bound states and measuring 9.3 pb.
CMS provides first evidence for electroweak ZZjj production in the ℓℓννjj final state with measured cross section 0.37 fb agreeing with SM prediction 0.39 fb at 3.1σ (5.0σ combined), plus limits on anomalous quartic gauge couplings.
Energy correlators can convert scaling violations into angular bump hunting for new physics, yielding projected competitive LHC sensitivity for a light hadrophilic Z'.
Introduces Gaussian Process eigenmodes to unify statistical and systematic template uncertainties, replacing per-bin factors with truncated leading modes while containing Barlow-Beeston as a limiting case.
First differential cross-sections for γγ→ττ in Pb+Pb collisions yield 95% CL intervals -0.057 < a_τ < 0.035 and |d_τ| < 2.7×10^{-16} e cm.
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Relative branching fraction B(B0 → Λc+ Λc- KS0)/B(B+ → Λc+ Λc- K+) measured as 0.53 ± 0.05 ± 0.05 with 3.9σ evidence for Ξc(2923)+ and Ξc(2939)+ resonances consistent with isospin partners.
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The ttbar production cross section in PbPb collisions at 5.36 TeV is measured as 3.42 +0.54-0.51 (stat) +0.50-0.43 (syst) μb and is consistent with NNLO pQCD predictions using nuclear PDFs.
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ATLAS reports the observation of W⁺W⁻γ triboson production with 5.9σ significance and derives constraints on anomalous quartic gauge-boson couplings via effective field theory.
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citing papers explorer
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Observation of a $B_c^{*+}$ meson with the ATLAS detector
First observation of the B_c^{*+} meson with mass difference 64.5 MeV from the ground-state B_c^+ at >8 sigma significance using ATLAS data.
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Search for single vector-like quark production in opposite-sign dilepton final states in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
No excess observed in search for vector-like top quark T to tH in opposite-sign dilepton final states; 95% CL upper limits on sigma times BR range from 2.0 pb at 600 GeV to 0.1 pb at 1000 GeV.
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Proton Structure from Neural Simulation-Based Inference at the LHC
Neural simulation-based inference on unbinned top-quark pair data at 13 TeV yields improved gluon PDF precision over traditional binned analyses while incorporating experimental and theoretical uncertainties.
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Observation of a cross-section enhancement near the $t\bar{t}$ production threshold in $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV $pp$ collisions with the ATLAS detector
ATLAS reports an 8+ sigma excess in ttbar production near threshold, consistent with NRQCD quasi-bound states and measuring 9.3 pb.
-
Observation of electroweak production of pairs of Z bosons in proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV
CMS provides first evidence for electroweak ZZjj production in the ℓℓννjj final state with measured cross section 0.37 fb agreeing with SM prediction 0.39 fb at 3.1σ (5.0σ combined), plus limits on anomalous quartic gauge couplings.
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Bump Hunting Inside Jets with Energy Correlators
Energy correlators can convert scaling violations into angular bump hunting for new physics, yielding projected competitive LHC sensitivity for a light hadrophilic Z'.
-
Gaussian Process Eigenmodes for Statistical and Systematic Uncertainties in Template Fits
Introduces Gaussian Process eigenmodes to unify statistical and systematic template uncertainties, replacing per-bin factors with truncated leading modes while containing Barlow-Beeston as a limiting case.
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Differential measurements of $\gamma\gamma\to\tau\tau$ and constraints on $\tau$-lepton electromagnetic moments in Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_\text{NN}}} = 5.02$ TeV with ATLAS
First differential cross-sections for γγ→ττ in Pb+Pb collisions yield 95% CL intervals -0.057 < a_τ < 0.035 and |d_τ| < 2.7×10^{-16} e cm.
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Forecasting graviton-mass constraints from the full covariance of PTA-astrometry ORF estimators
A full-covariance formalism for PTA-astrometry ORF estimators forecasts graviton-mass upper limits of 4.41e-24 eV/c2 for current-like setups and 0.48e-24 eV/c2 for SKA/Theia-like future setups, with astrometry adding significant power in the latter case.
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Study of the $B^0 \to \Lambda_c^+ \bar{\Lambda}_c^- K_S^0$ decay
Relative branching fraction B(B0 → Λc+ Λc- KS0)/B(B+ → Λc+ Λc- K+) measured as 0.53 ± 0.05 ± 0.05 with 3.9σ evidence for Ξc(2923)+ and Ξc(2939)+ resonances consistent with isospin partners.
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Artificial Precision Polarization Array: Sensitivity for the axion-like dark matter with clock satellites
Proposes satellite-based artificial pulsar polarization arrays (APPA) that simulations show can set tighter 95% C.L. upper limits on g_aγ than ground observations for axion masses 10^{-22} to 10^{-18} eV.
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Ultralight dark matter detection with trapped-ion interferometry
A trapped ion in a spin-motion entangled state can detect kinetically mixed dark photon dark matter in the 10^{-15} to 10^{-14} eV mass range through Aharonov-Bohm phase shifts with parametrically enhanced sensitivity.
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Search for soft unclustered energy patterns containing muons in the final state in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector
No significant excess observed in search for SUEP signatures with muons; exclusion limits set on mediator cross section times branching fraction down to 0.05 fb at 750 GeV.
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RooAgent: An LLM Agent for Root-Based High Energy Physics Analysis
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Measurement of the top quark pair production cross section in PbPb collisions at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}}$ = 5.36 TeV
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Precision measurement of positron decay modes of Xe-125 in the LUX-ZEPLIN experiment
Xe-125 positron decay branching ratio measured as 0.29% at 5.5 sigma significance, providing the first constraint on individual levels in I-125.
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Search for a new heavy resonance decaying to a top quark and a neutral scalar boson in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
No excess found in search for T' to top plus phi; excludes T' masses 0.85-1.3 TeV at 95% CL for SM Higgs case with 5% width, and sets cross-section limits as low as 0.1 fb.
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Probing Higgs and Top Interactions through the Muon Lens at multi-TeV Muon Colliders
A 10 TeV muon collider could improve existing bounds on muon-Higgs-gauge and muon-top interactions by up to an order of magnitude over current limits and FCC-ee projections.
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Improving Neutrino Point Source Sensitivity with Source-Informed Event Selection
Source-informed event selection in multi-level neutrino reconstruction improves median point source sensitivity by factors of ~2-3 over uniform subsampling.
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Probing the Solar $^8$B Neutrino Fog with XENONnT
XENONnT measures solar 8B neutrino coherent scattering at 3.3 sigma, finds no light dark matter, and constrains the weak mixing angle at low momentum transfer.
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Shapes are not enough: CONSERVAttack and its use for finding vulnerabilities and uncertainties in machine learning applications
CONSERVAttack creates adversarial perturbations in HEP ML models that respect uncertainty bounds but cause misclassifications, revealing gaps in current validation practices.
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Search for dijet resonances with data scouting in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
Search for narrow dijet resonances in the 0.6-1.8 TeV mass range with data scouting in 117 fb^{-1} of 13 TeV data finds no significant signal and sets model-independent upper limits on various resonance types and dark matter mediator couplings.
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Observation of $W^{+}W^{-}\gamma$ production in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector and constraints on anomalous quartic gauge-boson couplings
ATLAS reports the observation of W⁺W⁻γ triboson production with 5.9σ significance and derives constraints on anomalous quartic gauge-boson couplings via effective field theory.
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Distinguishing Neutron Star vs. Low-Mass Black Hole Binaries with Late Inspiral & Postmerger Gravitational Waves $-$ Sensitivity to Transmuted Black Holes and Non-Annihilating Dark Matter
Future high-frequency-sensitive GW detectors can distinguish binary neutron star from low-mass black hole mergers in late phases, enabling separation of merger rates and constraints on heavy non-annihilating dark matter via transmuted black holes.
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Electroweak diboson production in association with a high-mass dijet system in semileptonic final states from $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV with the ATLAS detector
Electroweak diboson plus high-mass dijet production observed at 7.4 sigma with signal strength 1.28, plus first semileptonic-channel limits on S02, T0 and M0 Wilson coefficients.
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Accelerating Discovery: Model-Agnostic Likelihoods for the Reinterpretation of Particle Physics Results and their Application to the Belle II $B^{+}\to K^{+}\nu\bar{\nu}$ Measurement
A reweighting method creates model-agnostic likelihoods from histogram analyses, applied to Belle II B+ to K+ nu nubar data for WET constraints and light new physics searches.
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Search for single production of a vector-like B' quark decaying to a top quark and a W boson in the single-lepton final state in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
CMS excludes narrow-width singlet vector-like B' quarks with masses 0.8-1.23 TeV in the tW channel using neural-network tagging and data-driven background modeling.
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Search for Higgs boson decays into two neutral scalars with unequal masses in final states with b quarks and tau leptons in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
No statistically significant excess is observed in the search for Higgs decays to two neutral scalars with unequal masses, setting 95% CL upper limits between 0.9 and 36.8 pb depending on mass and decay scenario.
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Heavy Vector Triplets at a Muon Collider
Muon colliders can probe heavy vector triplets up to 12 TeV, competitive with HE-LHC but below FCC-hh projections, including indirect electroweak precision limits.
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Search for pair production of additional neutral scalars within the Inert Doublet Model in a final state with two electrons or two muons in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV and 13.6 TeV
No significant excess found; new exclusion limits reach m_H = 108 GeV for m_H - m_A = 78 GeV in the Inert Doublet Model.
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Time-dependent signals of new physics at the LHC
Incorporating timing information from time-dependent new physics signals can improve LHC search sensitivity by up to a factor of two compared to standard time-invariant analyses.
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Electronic Direct Detection of Light Dark Matter with Intermediate-Mass Mediators
For sub-GeV dark matter, the light and heavy mediator mass limits in direct detection are separated by up to three orders of magnitude in mediator mass, enabling precise sensitivity calculations for Si, Ge, and DAMIC-M targets.
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LHC Mono-$W/Z$ Signatures as a Probe for Dark Matter Explanations of Astrophysical Excesses
LHC mono-W/Z searches with a new channel-separation method can exclude large ranges of neutral and charged mass splittings in the 70-75 GeV IDM dark matter scenario that fits astrophysical excesses.
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Sensitivity of the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory to Gamma-Ray Signals in Dwarf Irregular Galaxies
CTAO could set competitive limits on dark matter annihilation cross sections from dwarf irregular galaxies, reaching around 2×10^{-24} cm³/s for 100 GeV WIMPs in the tau channel and exceeding dwarf spheroidal expectations for velocity-dependent cases due to subhalos.
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Search for a new heavy scalar resonance decaying into the Higgs boson and a new scalar particle in the $\mathrm{b}\bar{\mathrm{b}}\mathrm{b}\bar{\mathrm{b}}$ final state using proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
No evidence found for a new heavy scalar resonance X decaying to Higgs plus new scalar Y in the four-bottom-quark final state; 95% CL upper limits set on cross section times branching fraction.
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Search for light charged Higgs bosons decaying to charm and strange quarks in $\mathrm{t\bar{t}}$ events in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
No evidence found for light charged Higgs bosons in ttbar events; upper limits set on B(t to H±b) of 0.07-1.12% at 95% CL for masses 40-160 GeV assuming 100% decay to cs.
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Kitchen Sink Anomaly Detection
A combined kitchen sink observable set of Energy Flow Polynomials and subjettiness variables outperforms standard baselines in sensitivity to a wide range of resonant signals, with new public benchmarks released and an attribute bagging variant reducing training cost.
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A search for microscopic black holes, string balls, and sphalerons in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
No evidence found; excludes semiclassical black holes below 8.4-11.4 TeV and string balls below 9.0-10.7 TeV at 95% CL, and caps the quark-quark sphaleron fraction above 9 TeV at 0.0034.
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DREAMuS: Dark matter REsearch with Advanced Muon Source
DREAMuS proposes a muon-beam fixed-target setup at HIAF to probe GeV-scale muon-philic dark matter with sensitivity to couplings around 10^{-4} using background-suppressed signatures from a light flavor-violating mediator.
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Wave-Function Femtometry: Hypertriton - The Ultimate Halo Nucleus
Hypertriton production yield in LHC pp collisions, described by nuclear coalescence, confirms its halo structure with a Lambda separation of 9.54 fm from the deuteron core.
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LHC signatures of a light pseudoscalar in a flipped two-Higgs scenario: the usefulness of boosted $b{\bar b}$ pairs
Boosted di-b-jet tagging plus BDT analysis yields 5-10 sigma significance for a light pseudoscalar in flipped 2HDM with 3 ab^{-1} including 10% systematics.
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Aspects of a Five-Dimensional $U(1)_{L_\mu - L_\tau}$ Model at Future Muon-Based Colliders
Future muon colliders can probe Kaluza-Klein excitations of a 5D U(1)_{Lμ-Lτ} gauge boson across MeV to TeV masses with couplings down to 10^{-5}.
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New benchmarks for direct detection of freeze-in dark matter in vector portal models
Freeze-in at low reheating temperatures allows MeV-scale dark matter in vector portal models to be probed by future direct detection experiments in nuclear recoils for 50-500 MeV masses and via enhanced solar neutrino coherent scattering.
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Joint Constraints on Neutrinos and Dynamical Dark Energy in Minimally Modified Gravity
The w†VCDM model shows a statistically significant preference for late-time quintessence-phantom crossing dark energy, raises the Hubble constant, and satisfies neutrino mass and Neff constraints from current cosmological datasets.
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Precision measurement of CP violation and branching fractions in $B^{\pm} \to K^0_{\mathrm{S}} h^{\pm}$ $(h = \pi, K)$ decays and search for the rare decay $B_c^{\pm} \to K^0_{\mathrm{S}} K^{\pm}$
Most precise CP asymmetry and branching ratio measurements for B± → K0S h± decays with no significant signal observed for the rare Bc decay.
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New Particles at the Z-Pole: Tera-Z factories as discovery and precision machines
Tera-Z factories can produce millions of heavy neutral leptons and billions of axion-like particles under optimistic assumptions, turning them into exotics factories for discovery and detailed study.
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A Bayesian Perspective on Evidence for Evolving Dark Energy
Bayesian evidence favors a constant dark energy model for DESI plus Planck data and shows that apparent support for evolving dark energy with added supernova data stems from a 2.95 sigma tension between DESI and DES-SN5YR that the flexible model resolves.
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Axion-photon conversion in transient compact stars: Systematics, constraints, and opportunities
Analytical expressions for ALP-photon conversion in transient compact stars yield an updated bound g_aγ < 5×10^{-12} GeV^{-1} for m_a ≲ 10^{-9} eV from SN 1987A, plus sensitivity forecasts for future Galactic SN and NSM observations.
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Entanglement and Bell Nonlocality in $\tau^+ \tau^-$ at the LHC using Machine Learning for Neutrino Reconstruction
Simulations of pp to tau+ tau- at the LHC with ML neutrino reconstruction show Bell nonlocality above 5 sigma, proposing tau pairs as a new benchmark system for quantum information studies.
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Search for the production of Higgs-portal scalar bosons in the NuMI beam using the MicroBooNE detector
MicroBooNE sets the strongest limits to date on the Higgs-portal scalar mixing angle θ below ~3×10^{-4} for masses 110-155 MeV using kaon decays in the NuMI beam and 2.01×10^{21} POT exposure.