JWST data show multiphase filaments feeding a circumnuclear disk that mediates accretion onto the black hole in NGC 4696, closing the AGN feedback loop.
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Observational Evidence of AGN Feedback
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abstract
Radiation, winds and jets from the active nucleus of a massive galaxy can interact with its interstellar medium leading to ejection or heating of the gas. This can terminate star formation in the galaxy and stifle accretion onto the black hole. Such Active Galactic Nucleus (AGN) feedback can account for the observed proportionality between central black hole and host galaxy mass. Direct observational evidence for the radiative or quasar mode of feedback, which occurs when the AGN is very luminous, has been difficult to obtain but is accumulating from a few exceptional objects. Feedback from the kinetic or radio mode, which uses the mechanical energy of radio-emitting jets often seen when the AGN is operating at a lower level, is common in massive elliptical galaxies. This mode is well observed directly through X-ray observations of the central galaxies of cool core clusters in the form of bubbles in the hot surrounding medium. The energy flow, which is roughly continuous, heats the hot intracluster gas and reduces radiative cooling and subsequent star formation by an order of magnitude. Feedback appears to maintain a long-lived heating/cooling balance. Powerful, jetted radio outbursts may represent a further mode of energy feedback which affect the cores of groups and subclusters. New telescopes and instruments from the radio to X-ray bands will come into operation over the next few years and lead to a rapid expansion in observational data on all modes of AGN feedback.
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representative citing papers
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Stacking of DESI quasar spectra reveals strong, localized Hα emission aligned with radio jet axes around radio galaxies, indicating anisotropic jet-CGM interaction.
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JWST data on 3C305 shows the compact radio jet efficiently drives kiloparsec-scale multiphase outflows via shocks, with high coupling to the observed gas kinetic power and radiative losses.
Anisotropic quenching is detected at the highest redshift yet and linked to preprocessing dominating over intrahalo effects by ~20% along the major axis in a delay-then-rapid quenching model informed by cluster accretion histories.
JWST spectra of six z=5-9 galaxies show low-ionization covering fractions of 0.2-0.9 and diverse kinematics including blueshifted outflows, indicating heterogeneous multiphase ISM.
Self-regulating AGN jets in MHD simulations of cool-core clusters yield realistic FRI radio morphologies viewed along the jet axis and account for frequency-independent lobe extents via 1-50 μG fields allowing both young and old electrons to radiate.
Calypso is a parameter-conditioned stochastic surrogate model for circumbinary accretion flows using PCA and multivariate Gaussian modeling, released as open-source software with a closed-form likelihood for parameter inference from time series.
Red quasars are intrinsically X-ray weak with low alpha_OX values, tracing a distinct evolutionary stage of suppressed black hole accretion relative to stellar mass growth.
SPHEREx data confirm 77 new luminous heavily reddened quasars at 1.5<z<3.9 that are hot-dust poor relative to unobscured quasars, supporting a blow-out feedback phase.
A score-based diffusion generative model on deep infrared galaxy photometry yields a star formation rate density peaking at z=1.3 and shows distinct non-parametric star formation histories plus AGN activity peaking during the quenching transition of massive galaxies.
Resolved gas and dust maps in a z=2 quiescent galaxy reveal accreted material from tidal interactions and a past star-formation rejuvenation, indicating that gas content variations are not solely due to consumption timescales.
Machine learning on simulated images identifies that flux eruption events cause more diffuse, polarized, lower-flux millimeter emission with decreased Q-U loop rotation rate, achieving ~80% accuracy with random forests on summary statistics.
Hybrid hydro/direct N-body simulations of dense high-redshift gas clouds form very massive stars via runaway collisions that collapse to IMBHs capable of growing from ~6700 to ~62000 solar masses in 100 Myr under optimistic assumptions.
X-ray timing and spectral analysis of ASKAP J174508.9-505149 detects matching periodicity and features consistent with an accreting magnetic CV.
The quasar J1512+4422 at z~6.2 lies on the local M_BH-σ_* relation and powers an outflow whose mass and energy loss rates exceed the host's star formation rate, indicating negative feedback.
Slim-disk self-shadowing plus accretion-rate-dependent BLR density enhancement explains the observed offsets of high-Eddington AGNs below the canonical R-L relation.
3D RMHD simulations with hybrid particle tracking reproduce the weak radio and strong X-ray redshift evolution in AGN jets via IC/CMB, including the (1+z)^4 X-ray scaling and the alpha-z relation.
AGN feedback creates a mass-independent entropy ceiling that allows outflows to escape halos only below M_200m = 10^13.7 M_sun, explaining depleted gas in groups versus near-cosmic fractions in clusters.
The cosmologically integrated neutrino emission from supermassive black hole coronae in Seyfert galaxies can account for the sub-PeV diffuse extragalactic neutrino flux observed by IceCube.
Multi-frequency radio data supports Abell 980 as hosting a detached double-double radio galaxy formed by two jet episodes from the BCG with subsequent lateral drift causing loss of lobe colinearity.
Accreting X-ray sources cannot supply enough EUV photons to account for He III regions in metal-poor star-forming dwarf galaxies.
JWST observations of ERQs show stratified gas kinematics via deblended optical emission lines, with UV lines dominated by scattered light and optical lines mixing scattered and obscured emission.
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