No excess observed in search for vector-like top quark T to tH in opposite-sign dilepton final states; 95% CL upper limits on sigma times BR range from 2.0 pb at 600 GeV to 0.1 pb at 1000 GeV.
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CMS observes η → μ⁺μ⁻e⁺e⁻ for the first time and measures its branching fraction as (2.4 ± 0.8) × 10^{-6}.
The measured cross-section ratio to a no-nuclear-effects baseline is 0.25, yielding a nuclear gluon suppression factor R_g^Pb of 0.55 at x ≈ 10^{-3} and μ² = 22.4 GeV².
First measurement of photonuclear D0 production cross section in ultraperipheral PbPb collisions as a function of pT and rapidity, compared to NLO pQCD with nuclear PDFs and CGC predictions.
New publicly available X-ray table models RXToPo and RXagn1 with realistic AGN geometries (torus, polar cone, disk, BLR) generated via RefleX and tested on NGC 424.
CMS reports a simultaneous measurement of 25 N-subjettiness observables in 1-, 2-, and 3-prong jets, unfolded to stable particles with particle-level correlations for QCD modeling.
Dr.Sai autonomously executed full physics analysis pipelines on real BESIII data to re-measure ten J/psi decay branching fractions, matching established benchmarks without any manual coding.
Advection-only galactic wind models fail to reproduce observed vertical radio profiles without unrealistic velocities, synchrotron spectra are biased toward young electrons in dense regions, and bremsstrahlung/Coulomb losses cannot be neglected even when subdominant.
Monolithic scintillator tracker with embedded scatterers achieves 1.47 mm position resolution below the 10 mm readout pitch via light-yield distribution, validated in positron beam test.
First evidence for ZZ gamma production at 3.7 sigma and observation of 4 lepton gamma at 5.0 sigma in CMS data at 13 TeV, with measured fiducial cross sections consistent with predictions.
A LoRA-adapted conditional diffusion surrogate for electromagnetic calorimeter showers matches key observables within 2% RMSE and reproduces directional trends in design-utility gradients.
First observation of electroweak photon plus two jets production yields a cross section of 202 fb consistent with the standard model prediction of 177 fb at greater than 5 sigma significance.
CMS measures soft-drop groomed radius and momentum balance plus a charged fragmentation function for b jets, observing dead-cone suppression compared to inclusive jets.
First measurements of mixed-order multiparticle cumulants of flow harmonics v2, v3, and v4 in XeXe collisions at 5.44 TeV compared to PbPb at 5.36 TeV show sensitivity to nuclear deformation and nonlinear hydrodynamic response.
First measurement of the nuclear modification factor R_AA in OO collisions at 5.36 TeV shows suppression with a minimum of 0.69 at p_T around 6 GeV, favoring models with parton energy loss.
HIMoC devices produce threshold-voltage shifts from 24.8 MeV/u heavy ions that are modeled as Gaussian charge-loss profiles and scale linearly with fluence times LET times area.
A tractable ensemble distributionally robust Bayesian optimization method achieves improved sublinear regret bounds under context uncertainty.
Targeted halting of gradient flow at unstable material boundaries enables stable derivatives for optimizing detector designs in radiation transport simulations.
BRICKS creates compositional neural Markov kernels via hybrid transformers and Riemannian Flow Matching on product manifolds to enable zero-shot simulation of radiation-matter interactions across arbitrary material distributions.
A reduced electrothermal model with stochastic terms and an absorbing boundary broadens the SEB threshold into a probabilistic band and predicts noise-induced subthreshold runaway.
The ttbar production cross section in PbPb collisions at 5.36 TeV is measured as 3.42 +0.54-0.51 (stat) +0.50-0.43 (syst) μb and is consistent with NNLO pQCD predictions using nuclear PDFs.
No significant excess observed; 95% CL exclusion of higgsino electroweakinos with mass splittings 0.28-1.15 GeV and chargino masses up to 185 GeV using soft-track and neural-network selection.
CMS excludes κ_VV outside 0.40-1.60 at 95% CL and constrains κ_2W and κ_2Z using VBS events with a boosted Higgs to bb decay.
A scintillation-fiber cube spectrometer measures proton energies from 6-93 MeV with 0.6% uncertainty at 80 MeV and 0.5 mm spatial resolution, demonstrated on complex beams generated with an energy degrader.
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Search for single vector-like quark production in opposite-sign dilepton final states in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
No excess observed in search for vector-like top quark T to tH in opposite-sign dilepton final states; 95% CL upper limits on sigma times BR range from 2.0 pb at 600 GeV to 0.1 pb at 1000 GeV.
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Observation of the rare decay $\eta$ $\to$ $\mu^+\mu^-$e$^+$e$^-$
CMS observes η → μ⁺μ⁻e⁺e⁻ for the first time and measures its branching fraction as (2.4 ± 0.8) × 10^{-6}.
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Observation of nuclear suppression in coherent $\Upsilon$(1S) photoproduction off heavy nuclei at the LHC
The measured cross-section ratio to a no-nuclear-effects baseline is 0.25, yielding a nuclear gluon suppression factor R_g^Pb of 0.55 at x ≈ 10^{-3} and μ² = 22.4 GeV².
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Measurement of D$^0$ meson photoproduction in ultraperipheral heavy ion collisions
First measurement of photonuclear D0 production cross section in ultraperipheral PbPb collisions as a function of pT and rapidity, compared to NLO pQCD with nuclear PDFs and CGC predictions.
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The study of the circumnuclear environment of accreting supermassive black holes with realistic X-ray spectral models
New publicly available X-ray table models RXToPo and RXagn1 with realistic AGN geometries (torus, polar cone, disk, BLR) generated via RefleX and tested on NGC 424.
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Simultaneous measurements of $N$-subjettiness observables in jets from gluons and light-flavour quarks, and in decays of boosted W bosons and top quarks
CMS reports a simultaneous measurement of 25 N-subjettiness observables in 1-, 2-, and 3-prong jets, unfolded to stable particles with particle-level correlations for QCD modeling.
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Dr.Sai: An agentic AI for real-world physics analysis at BESIII
Dr.Sai autonomously executed full physics analysis pipelines on real BESIII data to re-measure ten J/psi decay branching fractions, matching established benchmarks without any manual coding.
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Revisiting radio synchrotron diagnostics in star-forming galaxies
Advection-only galactic wind models fail to reproduce observed vertical radio profiles without unrealistic velocities, synchrotron spectra are biased toward young electrons in dense regions, and bremsstrahlung/Coulomb losses cannot be neglected even when subdominant.
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Design and Performance of a Monolithic Plastic Scintillator Tracker with Embedded Scatterers
Monolithic scintillator tracker with embedded scatterers achieves 1.47 mm position resolution below the 10 mm readout pitch via light-yield distribution, validated in positron beam test.
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Evidence of ZZ$\gamma$ production and observation of $4\ell\gamma$ in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
First evidence for ZZ gamma production at 3.7 sigma and observation of 4 lepton gamma at 5.0 sigma in CMS data at 13 TeV, with measured fiducial cross sections consistent with predictions.
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Differentiable Surrogate for Detector Simulation and Design with Diffusion Models
A LoRA-adapted conditional diffusion surrogate for electromagnetic calorimeter showers matches key observables within 2% RMSE and reproduces directional trends in design-utility gradients.
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Measurements of electroweak production of a photon in association with two jets in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
First observation of electroweak photon plus two jets production yields a cross section of 202 fb consistent with the standard model prediction of 177 fb at greater than 5 sigma significance.
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Jet fragmentation function and groomed substructure of bottom quark jets in proton-proton collisions at 5.02 TeV
CMS measures soft-drop groomed radius and momentum balance plus a charged fragmentation function for b jets, observing dead-cone suppression compared to inclusive jets.
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Characterizing the initial state and dynamical evolution in XeXe and PbPb collisions using multiparticle cumulants
First measurements of mixed-order multiparticle cumulants of flow harmonics v2, v3, and v4 in XeXe collisions at 5.44 TeV compared to PbPb at 5.36 TeV show sensitivity to nuclear deformation and nonlinear hydrodynamic response.
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Observation of suppressed charged-particle production in ultrarelativistic oxygen-oxygen collisions
First measurement of the nuclear modification factor R_AA in OO collisions at 5.36 TeV shows suppression with a minimum of 0.69 at p_T around 6 GeV, favoring models with parton energy loss.
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A Heavy Ion Monitor on a Chip Based on a Non-Volatile Memory Architecture -- Part II: Device Characterization & Modeling
HIMoC devices produce threshold-voltage shifts from 24.8 MeV/u heavy ions that are modeled as Gaussian charge-loss profiles and scale linearly with fluence times LET times area.
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Ensemble Distributionally Robust Bayesian Optimisation
A tractable ensemble distributionally robust Bayesian optimization method achieves improved sublinear regret bounds under context uncertainty.
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Exploring the Boundaries of Differentiable Radiation Transport and Detector Simulation
Targeted halting of gradient flow at unstable material boundaries enables stable derivatives for optimizing detector designs in radiation transport simulations.
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BRICKS: Compositional Neural Markov Kernels for Zero-Shot Radiation-Matter Simulation
BRICKS creates compositional neural Markov kernels via hybrid transformers and Riemannian Flow Matching on product manifolds to enable zero-shot simulation of radiation-matter interactions across arbitrary material distributions.
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Stochastic first-passage modeling of single-event burnout in SiC power MOSFETs
A reduced electrothermal model with stochastic terms and an absorbing boundary broadens the SEB threshold into a probabilistic band and predicts noise-induced subthreshold runaway.
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Measurement of the top quark pair production cross section in PbPb collisions at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}}$ = 5.36 TeV
The ttbar production cross section in PbPb collisions at 5.36 TeV is measured as 3.42 +0.54-0.51 (stat) +0.50-0.43 (syst) μb and is consistent with NNLO pQCD predictions using nuclear PDFs.
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Search for electroweakinos in compressed-spectrum scenarios with low-momentum isolated tracks in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
No significant excess observed; 95% CL exclusion of higgsino electroweakinos with mass splittings 0.28-1.15 GeV and chargino masses up to 185 GeV using soft-track and neural-network selection.
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Search for associated production of a Higgs boson and two vector bosons via vector boson scattering at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
CMS excludes κ_VV outside 0.40-1.60 at 95% CL and constrains κ_2W and κ_2Z using VBS events with a boosted Higgs to bb decay.
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A Spatial-Resolved Proton Energy Spectrometer Based on a Scintillation-Fiber Cube
A scintillation-fiber cube spectrometer measures proton energies from 6-93 MeV with 0.6% uncertainty at 80 MeV and 0.5 mm spatial resolution, demonstrated on complex beams generated with an energy degrader.
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Search for heavy resonances decaying into four-lepton final states via light bosons in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
No significant excess observed in four-lepton events from heavy resonances, setting upper limits on production cross sections for dilepton masses 0.4-15 GeV using novel merged-object techniques.
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Highly boosted dielectron identification in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
CMS develops two multivariate models for identifying boosted dielectrons with γ_L > 20, reporting 80% efficiency for two-track cases from J/ψ data and 60% for single-track from Z conversions, plus an energy correction.
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Search for a new heavy resonance decaying to a top quark and a neutral scalar boson in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
No excess found in search for T' to top plus phi; excludes T' masses 0.85-1.3 TeV at 95% CL for SM Higgs case with 5% width, and sets cross-section limits as low as 0.1 fb.
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Particle transformers for identifying Lorentz-boosted Higgs bosons decaying to a pair of W bosons
PaRT achieves >50% tagging efficiency for boosted H->WW jets at 1% background efficiency, decorrelated from jet mass, with data-to-simulation scale factors of 0.9-1.0 on 138 fb^{-1} of 13 TeV collisions.
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Search for soft unclustered energy patterns produced in association with a W or Z boson in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
No significant excess is observed in leptonic W/Z plus high-multiplicity soft-particle events, setting limits on Higgs to SUEP decays across a range of model parameters.
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A Data-Driven Fast Simulation Approach for MAPS-based Detectors and their Optimization
A data-driven parametric simulator for MAPS detectors is developed from measurements, validated on MALTA2, and used to optimize hit merger designs for MALTA3 in high-rate environments.
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Search for dijet resonances with data scouting in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
Search for narrow dijet resonances in the 0.6-1.8 TeV mass range with data scouting in 117 fb^{-1} of 13 TeV data finds no significant signal and sets model-independent upper limits on various resonance types and dark matter mediator couplings.
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First evidence for mixing-induced $CP$ violation in B$^0_\mathrm{s}$ $\to$ J/$\psi\,\phi$(1020) decays in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV
First evidence for non-zero φ_s in B_s^0 → J/ψ φ decays at 3.2σ from CMS 13 TeV data combined with prior 8 TeV result.
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Search for Higgs boson decays into two neutral scalars with unequal masses in final states with b quarks and tau leptons in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
No statistically significant excess is observed in the search for Higgs decays to two neutral scalars with unequal masses, setting 95% CL upper limits between 0.9 and 36.8 pb depending on mass and decay scenario.
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Search for pair production of additional neutral scalars within the Inert Doublet Model in a final state with two electrons or two muons in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV and 13.6 TeV
No significant excess found; new exclusion limits reach m_H = 108 GeV for m_H - m_A = 78 GeV in the Inert Doublet Model.
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Improved muon energy estimation using a detailed model of multiple Coulomb scattering in the MicroBooNE LArTPC
An enhanced multiple Coulomb scattering muon energy estimator for MicroBooNE achieves bias under 2% and resolution of 4-17% across 0.1-2 GeV, outperforming prior MicroBooNE work by a factor of two in resolution.
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Search for a new heavy scalar resonance decaying into the Higgs boson and a new scalar particle in the $\mathrm{b}\bar{\mathrm{b}}\mathrm{b}\bar{\mathrm{b}}$ final state using proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
No evidence found for a new heavy scalar resonance X decaying to Higgs plus new scalar Y in the four-bottom-quark final state; 95% CL upper limits set on cross section times branching fraction.
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Search for light charged Higgs bosons decaying to charm and strange quarks in $\mathrm{t\bar{t}}$ events in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
No evidence found for light charged Higgs bosons in ttbar events; upper limits set on B(t to H±b) of 0.07-1.12% at 95% CL for masses 40-160 GeV assuming 100% decay to cs.
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Radon-induced backgrounds in the NEXT-100 experiment
NEXT-100 measures internal Rn-222 activity at 0.95 Bq/m³ with no Rn-220 detected, yielding a Bi-214 rate of 0.97 Hz above 400 keV and a background index of ~4×10^{-5} counts/(keV·kg·yr) in the 0νββ ROI after topological selection.
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ALPHANSO: Open-Source Modeling of ($\alpha$,n) Neutron Source Terms
ALPHANSO is an open-source Python tool that computes (α,n) neutron source terms with updated nuclear data and validates its outputs against experiments and other codes.
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Light-tight skipper-CCDs for X-ray detection in space
50 nm and 100 nm aluminum coatings on skipper-CCDs suppress optical light by more than 99.6 percent from 650 to 1000 nm with no efficiency loss for 5.9 and 6.4 keV X-rays.
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Measurement of the dineutrino system kinematic variables in dileptonic top quark pair production in proton-proton collisions at$\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
Differential cross sections for ttbar production in e+e-, mu+mu-, and e mu channels measured versus dineutrino pT and azimuthal separation using 138 fb-1 of 13 TeV CMS data, unfolded to particle level with unregularized least squares and found consistent with SM and MC predictions.
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High-precision measurement of the W boson mass with the CMS experiment
CMS measures the W boson mass as 80360.2 ± 9.9 MeV from 2016 data, consistent with the Standard Model prediction.
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Model-independent searches of new physics in DARWIN with a semi-supervised deep learning pipeline
Semi-supervised DL anomaly detector (VAE + classifier) for model-independent searches in DARWIN, outperforming classical likelihood tests on simulated WIMP injections while learning directly from raw high-dimensional outputs.
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Precision physics at the muon collider: $m_W$ and CKM matrix elements
A 10 TeV lepton collider using the effective gamma-W to W process could improve m_W precision beyond 10 MeV and extract CKM elements like V_cb with reduced hadronic uncertainties via high-precision hadronic calorimetry and flavor tagging.
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Search for the nonresonant production of a pair of additional Higgs bosons in the Type-X two-Higgs-doublet model in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
No evidence found for additional Higgs boson pairs in Type-X 2HDM; new limits exclude the model for explaining the muon anomalous magnetic moment anomaly.
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First measurements of vector boson scattering in W$^\pm$W$^{\pm}$ and WZ production in all-leptonic final states at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13.6 TeV
CMS observes electroweak W±W± and WZ production with two jets at 13.6 TeV with >5σ significance in all-leptonic final states using 171 fb⁻¹ of data.
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Constraints on anomalous Higgs boson couplings to vector bosons and fermions using the $\gamma\gamma$ final state in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
Updated constraints from the full Run 2 dataset show no evidence for anomalous Higgs couplings in gluon fusion, vector boson fusion, and associated production modes decaying to two photons.
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Improved results on Higgs boson pair production in the 4b final state
CMS sets an observed upper limit of 4.4 on the HH signal strength μ_HH in the 4b final state at 13.6 TeV, improving prior LHC results by more than a factor of two in the resolved topology.
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Measurement of the Z $\to$ $\mu^+\mu^-$ angular coefficients in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV as functions of transverse momentum and rapidity
New double-differential measurement of angular coefficients A0-A7 in Drell-Yan muon pair production in eight pT and two rapidity bins, compared to NNLO pQCD.
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Beam test of a Pb/SciFi prototype for the Barrel Imaging Calorimeter at the Electron-Ion Collider
Electron beam test of a lead-scintillating fiber prototype characterizes its performance for the Electron-Ion Collider's Barrel Imaging Calorimeter.