A massive quiescent galaxy at z=3.449 exhibits low rotation (λ_Re = 0.123) consistent with slow-rotator kinematics, indicating early formation of dispersion-dominated systems.
hub
E., & White , M
81 Pith papers cite this work, alongside 1,692 external citations. Polarity classification is still indexing.
81
Pith papers citing it
1,692
external citations · Pith
abstract
The stellar masses, mean ages, metallicities, and star formation histories of galaxies are now commonly estimated via stellar population synthesis (SPS) techniques. SPS relies on stellar evolution calculations from the main sequence to stellar death, stellar spectral libraries, phenomenological dust models, and stellar initial mass functions (IMFs). The present work is the first in a series that explores the impact of uncertainties in key phases of stellar evolution and the IMF on the derived physical properties of galaxies and the expected luminosity evolution for a passively evolving set of stars. A Monte-Carlo Markov-Chain approach is taken to fit near-UV through near-IR photometry of a representative sample of low- and high-redshift galaxies with this new SPS model. Significant results include the following: 1) including uncertainties in stellar evolution, stellar masses at z~0 carry errors of ~0.3 dex at 95% CL with little dependence on luminosity or color, while at z~2, the masses of bright red galaxies are uncertain at the ~0.6 dex level; 2) either current stellar evolution models, current observational stellar libraries, or both, do not adequately characterize the metallicity-dependence of the thermally-pulsating asymptotic giant branch phase; 3) conservative estimates on the uncertainty of the slope of the IMF in the solar neighborhood imply that luminosity evolution per unit redshift is uncertain at the ~0.4 mag level in the K-band, which is a substantial source of uncertainty for interpreting the evolution of galaxy populations across time; 4) The more plausible assumption of a distribution of stellar metallicities, rather than a fixed value as is usually assumed, can have significant effects on the interpretation of colors blueward of the V-band. (ABRIDGED)
hub tools
citation-role summary
background 2
baseline 1
citation-polarity summary
representative citing papers
FRB20250613A exhibits millisecond-timescale scattering variations, spectral depolarisation, and RM changes of ~300 rad m^{-2}, consistent with embedding in the dense stellar wind of a Be star binary companion in its low-metallicity dwarf host at z=0.0987.
JWST/MIRI detects [Ne V] 14.3 micron emission from O-star winds in 5 of 22 observed stars, enabling wind speed and mass-loss rate estimates even in weak-wind regimes.
JWST MIRI observations of 634 galaxies at 0.2<z<2 yield IR luminosity functions with faint-end slope α≈0.147, implying lower dust-obscured SFRD than previous ALMA/Herschel/Spitzer studies.
JWST observations of absorption lines in z~3 galaxies show inclination-dependent gas flows, with face-on systems exhibiting stronger outflows and inclined systems more inflows.
Resolved multiphase observations reveal a supernova-driven wind in a z=5.3 galaxy removing gas at twice the star-formation rate, potentially quenching it within 100 Myr and matching local superwind properties.
Stacked JWST spectra show weak MZR slope evolution to z~5 with declining normalization, steeper MZR beyond z~5, and emerging shallow FMR anti-correlation by z~5.
SN 2023aeaf is photometrically classified as a likely Type II supernova at z=3.195, consistent with a 12 solar mass progenitor and low-metallicity star-forming host.
A new fitting methodology applied to UV absorption data recovers radial trends in galactic wind velocities and mass-loading factors by constraining initial hot and cool phase parameters in a multiphase model.
Resolved gas and dust maps in a z=2 quiescent galaxy reveal accreted material from tidal interactions and a past star-formation rejuvenation, indicating that gas content variations are not solely due to consumption timescales.
Exhaustive symbolic regression identifies low-complexity functional forms for luminosity and mass functions that outperform Schechter and Press-Schechter parametrizations while satisfying physical extrapolation and integration constraints.
A JWST census detects neutral ISM absorption in 76 of 309 galaxies at 0.6<z<4 and outflows in 26, indicating AGN-driven neutral outflows dominate in quiescent systems at cosmic noon.
A score-based diffusion generative model on deep infrared galaxy photometry yields a star formation rate density peaking at z=1.3 and shows distinct non-parametric star formation histories plus AGN activity peaking during the quenching transition of massive galaxies.
JWST spectroscopy of 295 galaxies at 5.5 < z < 14.3 shows UV slope beta reddening at z > 9.5, with lack of dust as the main driver of bluer values and nebular continuum at T > 15,000 K able to reproduce the observed range without dust.
Measures a new nebular attenuation curve from 1400-9550 Å for galaxy GOODSN-17940 at z=4.41 that is steeper than Milky Way/SMC/Calzetti at long wavelengths, similar in blue-optical, and shallower in UV with no 2175 Å bump.
New high-redshift empirical T_e-based metallicity calibrations for strong-line ratios derived from direct oxygen abundances in 46 galaxies spanning z=1.4-8.7.
SN 2011kl is broadly consistent with an LFBOT light-curve model and ULGRB hosts match LFBOT/LGRB environments, supporting a shared He-CO merger progenitor for a subset of both classes.
Simulations of Milky Way-mass galaxies reveal direction-dependent dynamical heating during stellar radial migration, with inward migrators heating, some cooling, and cold preservation uncommon especially for older stars.
Pixel-by-pixel SBI modeling recovers young massive Pop III clumps at up to 90 percent rate in favorable JWST-like configurations while integrated analyses fail due to contamination.
A JWST survey of eight gravitationally lensed galaxies at z=2-4 resolves 10-200 pc star-forming clumps and finds early evidence of recently quenched, post-starburst clumps.
New spectral models of solar-metallicity stellar populations using POSYDON show binary-stripped stars dominating ionizing radiation after about 16 Myr.
JWST measurements of pitch angles in 593 spiral galaxies to z=3.5 show no overall redshift evolution but reveal correlations with mass and sSFR only below z=1.25, implying a transition from locally driven to globally regulated spiral arms.
Rest-frame optical galaxy SEDs from a 16-parameter SPS model are captured by five disentangled VAE latents (mass, young stars, dust, soft/hard ionization); metallicity and age are not independent drivers.
Simulation-based inference on the color distribution of z~2 massive galaxies yields a quenched fraction of 0.24 and a quenching timescale distribution with mode 97 Myr and median 182 Myr.
citing papers explorer
-
A massive and evolved slow-rotating galaxy in the early Universe
A massive quiescent galaxy at z=3.449 exhibits low rotation (λ_Re = 0.123) consistent with slow-rotator kinematics, indicating early formation of dispersion-dominated systems.
-
FRB20250613A: a remarkable repeating FRB with apparent millisecond-timescale scattering variations
FRB20250613A exhibits millisecond-timescale scattering variations, spectral depolarisation, and RM changes of ~300 rad m^{-2}, consistent with embedding in the dense stellar wind of a Be star binary companion in its low-metallicity dwarf host at z=0.0987.
-
Stellar winds of O-type stars traced by high ionization fine-structure emission lines with JWST/MIRI
JWST/MIRI detects [Ne V] 14.3 micron emission from O-star winds in 5 of 22 observed stars, enabling wind speed and mass-loss rate estimates even in weak-wind regimes.
-
MEGA and SMILES Find Fewer Dusty Galaxies than Expected at Cosmic Noon
JWST MIRI observations of 634 galaxies at 0.2<z<2 yield IR luminosity functions with faint-end slope α≈0.147, implying lower dust-obscured SFRD than previous ALMA/Herschel/Spitzer studies.
-
Unprecedented Constraints on Gas Flows at High Redshift Using Deep JWST/NIRSpec Observations from the LyC22, EXCELS, and AURORA Surveys
JWST observations of absorption lines in z~3 galaxies show inclination-dependent gas flows, with face-on systems exhibiting stronger outflows and inclined systems more inflows.
-
Multiphase images of a powerful supernova-driven wind in the early Universe
Resolved multiphase observations reveal a supernova-driven wind in a z=5.3 galaxy removing gas at twice the star-formation rate, potentially quenching it within 100 Myr and matching local superwind properties.
-
The JADES Mass-Metallicity and Fundamental Metallicity Relations at $z\gtrsim2$ Using New High-Redshift Metallicity Calibrations
Stacked JWST spectra show weak MZR slope evolution to z~5 with declining normalization, steeper MZR beyond z~5, and emerging shallow FMR anti-correlation by z~5.
-
Discovery and Analysis of a Type II Supernova Candidate at z = 3.19 from JWST's COSMOS-Web Survey
SN 2023aeaf is photometrically classified as a likely Type II supernova at z=3.195, consistent with a 12 solar mass progenitor and low-metallicity star-forming host.
-
Resolving the Unresolved Galactic Winds in Multi-phase Models. I. Methodology and Application
A new fitting methodology applied to UV absorption data recovers radial trends in galactic wind velocities and mass-loading factors by constraining initial hot and cool phase parameters in a multiphase model.
-
Resolved Maps of Gas and Dust in a Massive Quiescent Galaxy at z=2 from INQUEST-JWST: Evidence of Accretion and Rejuvenation
Resolved gas and dust maps in a z=2 quiescent galaxy reveal accreted material from tidal interactions and a past star-formation rejuvenation, indicating that gas content variations are not solely due to consumption timescales.
-
The functional form of galaxy and halo luminosity and mass functions
Exhaustive symbolic regression identifies low-complexity functional forms for luminosity and mass functions that outperform Schechter and Press-Schechter parametrizations while satisfying physical extrapolation and integration constraints.
-
A Census of Na D-traced neutral ISM and outflows at $0.6<z<4$
A JWST census detects neutral ISM absorption in 76 of 309 galaxies at 0.6<z<4 and outflows in 26, indicating AGN-driven neutral outflows dominate in quiescent systems at cosmic noon.
-
pop-cosmos: Star formation over 12 Gyr from generative modelling of a deep infrared-selected galaxy catalogue
A score-based diffusion generative model on deep infrared galaxy photometry yields a star formation rate density peaking at z=1.3 and shows distinct non-parametric star formation histories plus AGN activity peaking during the quenching transition of massive galaxies.
-
Hitting the slopes: A spectroscopic view of UV continuum slopes of galaxies reveals a reddening at z > 9.5
JWST spectroscopy of 295 galaxies at 5.5 < z < 14.3 shows UV slope beta reddening at z > 9.5, with lack of dust as the main driver of bluer values and nebular continuum at T > 15,000 K able to reproduce the observed range without dust.
-
The AURORA Survey: The Nebular Attenuation Curve of a Galaxy at z=4.41 from Ultraviolet to Near-Infrared Wavelengths
Measures a new nebular attenuation curve from 1400-9550 Å for galaxy GOODSN-17940 at z=4.41 that is steeper than Milky Way/SMC/Calzetti at long wavelengths, similar in blue-optical, and shallower in UV with no 2175 Å bump.
-
Direct T_e-based Metallicities of z=2-9 Galaxies with JWST/NIRSpec: Empirical Metallicity Calibrations Applicable from Reionization to Cosmic Noon
New high-redshift empirical T_e-based metallicity calibrations for strong-line ratios derived from direct oxygen abundances in 46 galaxies spanning z=1.4-8.7.
-
Compact Objects Merging with Stars as an Origin of Ultra-Long Gamma-Ray Bursts and Luminous Fast Blue Optical Transients
SN 2011kl is broadly consistent with an LFBOT light-curve model and ULGRB hosts match LFBOT/LGRB environments, supporting a shared He-CO merger progenitor for a subset of both classes.
-
Hot or Cold? Radial Redistribution of Stars in FIRE Simulations of Milky Way-Mass Galaxies and the Asymmetry of Inward versus Outward Migrators
Simulations of Milky Way-mass galaxies reveal direction-dependent dynamical heating during stellar radial migration, with inward migrators heating, some cooling, and cold preservation uncommon especially for older stars.
-
A Pixel-by-Pixel Path to Population III Discovery with JWST
Pixel-by-pixel SBI modeling recovers young massive Pop III clumps at up to 90 percent rate in favorable JWST-like configurations while integrated analyses fail due to contamination.
-
LEGGOS I: The JWST LEGGOS Survey -- LEnsing and Galaxy Growth: Observing Substructures -- Unpacks the Nature of Clumpy Star Formation and Quenching in Gravitationally Lensed Galaxies beyond Cosmic Noon
A JWST survey of eight gravitationally lensed galaxies at z=2-4 resolves 10-200 pc star-forming clumps and finds early evidence of recently quenched, post-starburst clumps.
-
Stellar Population Spectra Incorporating Detailed Binary Evolution using POSYDON
New spectral models of solar-metallicity stellar populations using POSYDON show binary-stripped stars dominating ionizing radiation after about 16 Myr.
-
Spiral arms across cosmic time: JWST measurements of the pitch angles of spiral galaxies at $z<3.5$
JWST measurements of pitch angles in 593 spiral galaxies to z=3.5 show no overall redshift evolution but reveal correlations with mass and sSFR only below z=1.25, implying a transition from locally driven to globally regulated spiral arms.
-
pop-cosmos: Disentangling galaxy properties from observables using data-driven approaches
Rest-frame optical galaxy SEDs from a 16-parameter SPS model are captured by five disentangled VAE latents (mass, young stars, dust, soft/hard ionization); metallicity and age are not independent drivers.
-
The quenching time and timescale distribution of z~2 quiescent galaxies from precise colour distribution analysis
Simulation-based inference on the color distribution of z~2 massive galaxies yields a quenched fraction of 0.24 and a quenching timescale distribution with mode 97 Myr and median 182 Myr.
-
Towards Unbreaking the Universe: MINERVA Measurements of Color Gradients in Massive Quiescent Galaxies Can Help Ease Too-Early Star Formation Tensions
Resolved JWST photometry reveals negative color gradients in three of four z>3 massive quiescent galaxies, and an age-only interpretation of these gradients eases—but does not remove—tensions with early-galaxy formation models.
-
Decomposing cool stellar populations with H-band spectral fluctuations: Long-period variable stars in NGC 5128 and carbon stars in NGC 5102
PCA of H-band IFU pixel spectra decomposes cool stellar populations in NGC 5128 and NGC 5102, identifying M-giant, long-period variable, and carbon star contributions.
-
Massive Galaxies Form Early and Gray: Stellar Assembly and Dust Attenuation at $\mathbf{z>3.5}$ from CAPERS
Massive galaxies at z>3.5 assembled stars earlier than theoretical models predict and exhibit gray dust attenuation, especially at the highest masses.
-
Strong Progenitor Age Bias in Supernova Cosmology. III. Progenitor Age as the Physical Origin of the Type Ia Supernova Magnitude Steps with Host Properties
Progenitor age is the primary physical driver of the host-mass and host-sSFR magnitude steps in Type Ia supernovae, with the mass step eliminated by direct age correction.
-
Empirical estimates of how massive galaxies can be in {\Lambda}CDM
Corrected empirical limits show the most massive galaxies never exceed the theoretical baryonic maximum of 0.16 times halo virial mass, keeping observations consistent with LambdaCDM at all redshifts.
-
A Multiwavelength Assessment Disfavoring the X-ray Binary Origin of He III Regions in Metal-Poor Star-Forming Dwarf Galaxies
Accreting X-ray sources cannot supply enough EUV photons to account for He III regions in metal-poor star-forming dwarf galaxies.
-
Kinematic Stratification in Extremely Red Quasars Revealed by JWST
JWST observations of ERQs show stratified gas kinematics via deblended optical emission lines, with UV lines dominated by scattered light and optical lines mixing scattered and obscured emission.
-
Are Nucleosynthetic Yields Universal? Interpreting the Multi-Elemental Abundances of Quiescent Galaxies over Cosmic Time Using Milky Way Stars
Milky Way abundance trends act as effective empirical proxies for nucleosynthetic yields, recovering alpha and Fe-peak abundances in quiescent galaxies with 0.05 dex median offset versus 0.23 dex for theory, indicating largely universal yields.
-
DeepDive: Simultaneous Formation of Massive Quiescent Galaxies in High-Redshift Galaxy Proto-clusters
JWST data show massive quiescent galaxies in high-redshift proto-clusters formed and quenched simultaneously, with AGN signatures, indicating environmental triggering of quenching.
-
A Natural $\gtrsim 100\times$ Telescope: Discovery of the Strongly Lensed Type II SN 2025mkn at $z=1.37$
Discovery of a gravitationally lensed Type II supernova at z=1.37 with magnification ≳100×, confirmed via multi-telescope spectra and imaging.
-
Winding Back the Clock: Recent Star Formation Histories of Massive Quiescent Galaxies Are Consistent With Their Rapid Number Density Evolution Since $\mathbf{z\sim7}$
Star formation histories inferred for z=2-5 massive quiescent galaxies imply past number densities that align with observed rapid evolution since z~7.
-
Low-mass Active Galaxies in the SAMI Galaxy Survey with Spatially-resolved Spectroscopy
Spatially-resolved spectroscopy detects AGNs in 4-9% of low-mass galaxies, higher than single-fiber rates because it catches extended emission missed by central-point observations.
-
First results of AMBRA: Abundant Seeds and Early Mergers as a Pathway to the First Massive Black Holes
Abundant early heavy seeds plus frequent mergers produce the massive black holes seen by JWST at z>9 and yield about four LISA events per year at z>=8.
-
The AURORA Survey: High-Redshift Empirical Metallicity Calibrations from Electron Temperature Measurements at z=2-10
New empirical calibrations between 19 emission-line ratios and oxygen abundance are derived from direct electron-temperature measurements in 139 star-forming galaxies at z=1.4-10.6.
-
First Results from the TNG50 Simulation: Galactic outflows driven by supernovae and black hole feedback
TNG50 shows galactic outflow mass loading is non-monotonic with stellar mass, rising rapidly above 10^10.5 Msun due to black hole feedback, and produces fast multi-phase outflows with emergent collimation.
-
Disentangling the dark and stellar mass through precise lens modelling of the JWST observation of lensed quasar WFI2033--4723
Composite time-delay lens modelling of JWST WFI2033–4723 yields intermediate stellar IMF normalisation and a steep gNFW inner slope γ_in≃1.3 that is robust to the choice of external cosmology.
-
A Census of the 200 Most Massive Galaxies Spectroscopically Observed with JWST at zspec $\sim$3-15
JWST prism spectroscopy of 200 massive galaxies at z~3-15 shows normal star-forming galaxies dominate at z>6 while dusty systems and quiescent galaxies increase at lower redshift, with evidence for multiple quenching pathways.
-
The Impact of Non-Gaussian Line Spread Functions on Stellar Kinematic Recovery: Consequences for Dynamical Models
Non-Gaussian LSF shapes bias kinematic extraction from spectra; matching the LSF of templates to the target reduces dispersion bias below 1%.
-
Late-time evolution of the interacting stripped-envelope supernova 2017dio
Late-time data on SN 2017dio yield mass-loss rates of ~0.2 M_sun/yr peak and ~0.06 typical, with H-rich CSM from a companion and dust masses 0.001-0.02 M_sun, indicating sudden mass-loss increase.
-
pop-cosmos: Galaxy size evolution across structural and star-formation classifications in COSMOS-Web
Galaxy size-mass relations exhibit double power-law breaks at different pivot masses for quiescent versus bulge-dominated samples, coinciding with AGN activity scales.
-
MSA-3D: Rotation Curves and Dark Matter Fractions at z~0.5-1.7 with JWST/NIRSpec
New JWST data on 23 galaxies at 0.5<z<1.7 show median dark matter fraction of 0.63 at effective radius with 0.2 dex scatter, and a mix of rising, flat, and falling rotation curves.
-
Connecting Stellar Population Surveys to Stellar Evolution with Delay-time Distributions: Application to LMC Classical Cepheids
DTDs measured for LMC Cepheids recover progenitor age ranges consistent with non-canonical period-age relations that include overshooting and rotation.
-
Discovery of a Barred-Spiral Galaxy at $z_{spec}$ = 3.16 II. The Star Formation History
A galaxy at z=3.16 has a bar with older stars making up 30% of its mass but only 8% of its recent star formation, supporting inside-out galaxy formation and possible early bar quenching.
-
The Via Project: Overview of the Science, Instrument, and Survey
The Via Project is a planned five-year dual-hemisphere spectroscopic survey targeting over 2 million stars with 100 m/s RV stability and transient spectroscopy to r~24 using instruments on MMT and Magellan/Clay telescopes starting in 2027.
-
CANUCS/Technicolor Data Release 2: A Catalogue of Galaxy Structural Parameters in up to 29 HST+JWST bands and a Multi-Wavelength Exploration of the Galaxy Size-Mass Relation at $0.6 < z \leq 4$
The size-mass relation for star-forming galaxies at 0.6 < z ≤ 4 shows a gradient in slope with rest-frame wavelength, crossing at ~10^9.5 solar masses proposed as the transition between diffuse and compact morphologies.
-
Getting to know the Stellar Clusters in NGC 1569: Bayesian inference of stellar cluster properties in a dwarf starburst galaxy
Bayesian IMF-aware inference on NGC 1569 clusters yields correlations between cluster mass-function truncation mass, galactocentric distance, metallicity, and gas ionization state.