SenseBench is the first physics-based benchmark with 10K+ instances and dual protocols to evaluate VLMs on remote sensing low-level perception and diagnostic description, revealing domain bias and specific failure modes.
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LLaVA-OneVision: Easy Visual Task Transfer
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abstract
We present LLaVA-OneVision, a family of open large multimodal models (LMMs) developed by consolidating our insights into data, models, and visual representations in the LLaVA-NeXT blog series. Our experimental results demonstrate that LLaVA-OneVision is the first single model that can simultaneously push the performance boundaries of open LMMs in three important computer vision scenarios: single-image, multi-image, and video scenarios. Importantly, the design of LLaVA-OneVision allows strong transfer learning across different modalities/scenarios, yielding new emerging capabilities. In particular, strong video understanding and cross-scenario capabilities are demonstrated through task transfer from images to videos.
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- abstract We present LLaVA-OneVision, a family of open large multimodal models (LMMs) developed by consolidating our insights into data, models, and visual representations in the LLaVA-NeXT blog series. Our experimental results demonstrate that LLaVA-OneVision is the first single model that can simultaneously push the performance boundaries of open LMMs in three important computer vision scenarios: single-image, multi-image, and video scenarios. Importantly, the design of LLaVA-OneVision allows strong transfer learning across different modalities/scenarios, yielding new emerging capabilities. In particu
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representative citing papers
DeepTumorVQA is a new stage-wise 3D CT VQA benchmark showing that quantitative measurement is the main failure point for current medical VLMs and that tool augmentation substantially improves later reasoning stages.
VLM-UnBench demonstrates that prompt-based training-free unlearning in VLMs leaves forget accuracy near the no-instruction baseline except under oracle conditions that reveal the target concept.
Molmo VLMs trained on newly collected PixMo open datasets achieve state-of-the-art performance among open-weight models and surpass multiple proprietary VLMs including Claude 3.5 Sonnet and Gemini 1.5 Pro.
MMMU-Pro is a stricter multimodal benchmark that removes text-only solvable questions, augments options, and requires reading text from images, yielding substantially lower model scores of 16.8-26.9%.
EVE enables verifiable self-evolution of MLLMs by using a Challenger-Solver architecture to generate dynamic executable visual transformations that produce VQA problems with absolute execution-verified ground truth.
MuseBench shows state-of-the-art MLLMs achieve only 48.29% accuracy on intent-level audiovisual arts understanding versus 87.18% for human experts.
RoboGaze presents a structured multi-agent VLM pipeline and robotics-specific error taxonomy that improves video evaluation metrics by up to 43 F1 points over zero-shot baselines on a 382-clip dataset.
VideoABC estimates video-LLM failure probability via low-dimensional attribute projection, dual quantization (k-means plus lattice), and psychophysics-inspired synthetic data.
DeepLatent introduces a parallel latent visual reasoning framework with learnable 2D tokens and continuous RL, trained via distillation then RL, plus a new 180K dataset, claiming SOTA benchmark results.
Chartographer generates seed-controlled counterfactual charts from existing QA datasets to expose generalization failures in VLMs that single-chart benchmarks miss.
Touch-R1 applies GRPO reinforcement learning on a new 1M tactile dataset and benchmark to train a Qwen2.5-VL-7B model that outperforms baselines on tactile perception and visual-tactile conflict tasks.
STORM teaches LVLMs to internalize spatial-temporal reasoning via bounded latent trajectories trained with generated thought videos in two stages, improving accuracy on VideoMME, MVBench and similar benchmarks while lowering inference overhead.
MuCRASP prunes VLMs in a CoT-aware manner, outperforming baselines by preserving reasoning quality at 30-50% compression rates on models like Qwen2.5-VL-7B.
VideoOdyssey is a new benchmark featuring ultra-long videos (avg. 109 min) across 11 domains with multi-level continuous certificates (avg. 16 min for visual, 12.8 min for audio-visual) to diagnose MLLM limitations in continuous reasoning and omni-modal perception.
ST-SimDiff is a training-free method using a spatio-temporal graph and dual similarity-difference selection to compress video tokens for MLLMs while retaining static and dynamic content.
SDGBiasBench reveals intrinsic SDG biases in VLMs driven by priors rather than evidence, and CADE mitigates them with up to 25% accuracy gains and 12-point MAE reductions.
Uni-Edit introduces a data synthesis pipeline turning VQA data into reasoning-intensive editing instructions, enabling single-task tuning that boosts all three capabilities in models like BAGEL and Janus-Pro.
WikiVQABench is a human-curated collection of Wikipedia-based VQA items that require both visual evidence and external knowledge from Wikidata to answer correctly.
EventPrune prunes 80% of visual tokens in Video-LLMs using event camera motion cues, yielding 1.89x speedup, 52% fewer GFLOPs, and slightly higher accuracy than full-token baselines on first-person dynamic spatial reasoning.
EgoExoMem is the first benchmark for cross-view memory reasoning on synchronized egocentric-exocentric videos, where E2-Select raises MLLM accuracy from 55.3% to 58.2% over baselines.
EgoInteract is a new simulator for generating synthetic egocentric videos with precise control over camera, body, hand, and object motions, producing a dataset that improves model performance on real-world benchmarks for temporal action segmentation, next-active object detection, interaction Anticip
R3-Streaming uses cascaded control with age-aware memory forgetting and TB-GRPO reinforcement learning to reach SOTA scores of 57.92 on OVO-Bench and 76.36 on StreamingBench with 95-96% fewer visual tokens.
HEED replaces uniform residual alignment with density-weighted alignment using patch self-dissimilarity to improve hybrid VLM distillation, gaining 8.7 points on OCRBench v2 and 5.13 on a 10-benchmark average.
citing papers explorer
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Uncovering and Shaping the Latent Representation of 3D Scene Topology in Vision-Language Models
VLMs possess a latent 3D scene topology subspace corresponding to Laplacian eigenmaps that can be causally shaped via Dirichlet energy regularization to improve spatial task performance by up to 12.1%.
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MSD-Score: Multi-Scale Distributional Scoring for Reference-Free Image Caption Evaluation
MSD-Score introduces multi-scale distributional scoring on von Mises-Fisher mixtures to evaluate image captions without references and reports state-of-the-art correlation with human judgments.
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VideoRouter: Query-Adaptive Dual Routing for Efficient Long-Video Understanding
VideoRouter uses dual semantic and image routers for query-adaptive token compression in long-video models, delivering up to 67.9% reduction while outperforming the InternVL baseline on VideoMME, MLVU, and LongVideoBench.
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Large Vision-Language Models Get Lost in Attention
In LVLMs, attention can be replaced by random Gaussian weights with little or no performance loss, indicating that current models get lost in attention rather than efficiently using visual context.
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MASRA: MLLM-Assisted Semantic-Relational Consistent Alignment for Video Temporal Grounding
MASRA improves video temporal grounding accuracy by using MLLM-generated textual priors for event semantic alignment and local relational consistency during training only.
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MolmoAct2: Action Reasoning Models for Real-world Deployment
MolmoAct2 is an open VLA model that outperforms baselines like Pi-05 on 7 benchmarks and whose backbone surpasses GPT-5 on 13 embodied-reasoning tasks through new datasets, specialized training, and architecture changes for lower latency.
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WindowQuant: Mixed-Precision KV Cache Quantization based on Window-Level Similarity for VLMs Inference Optimization
WindowQuant performs window-adaptive mixed-precision KV cache quantization guided by similarity to the text prompt, with reordering to enable efficient inference in VLMs.
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Chart-FR1: Visual Focus-Driven Fine-Grained Reasoning on Dense Charts
Chart-FR1 uses Focus-CoT for linking reasoning to visual cues and Focus-GRPO reinforcement learning with efficiency rewards to outperform prior MLLMs on dense chart reasoning tasks.
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World2VLM: Distilling World Model Imagination into VLMs for Dynamic Spatial Reasoning
Distilling view-consistent future views and action-outcome supervision from a generative world model into a VLM via two-stage post-training improves dynamic spatial reasoning on SAT-Real, VSI-Bench and similar benchmarks while avoiding test-time world-model cost.
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Tuna-2: Pixel Embeddings Beat Vision Encoders for Multimodal Understanding and Generation
Tuna-2 shows that direct pixel embeddings can replace vision encoders in unified multimodal models, achieving competitive generation and stronger understanding at scale.
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X2SAM: Any Segmentation in Images and Videos
X2SAM unifies any-segmentation across images and videos in one MLLM by adding a Mask Memory module for temporal consistency and joint training on mixed datasets.
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Meta-CoT: Enhancing Granularity and Generalization in Image Editing
Meta-CoT uses two-level decomposition of editing operations into meta-tasks and a CoT consistency reward to improve granularity and generalization, reporting 15.8% gains across 21 tasks.
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ChangeQuery: Advancing Remote Sensing Change Analysis for Natural and Human-Induced Disasters from Visual Detection to Semantic Understanding
ChangeQuery is a new multimodal framework for semantic disaster change analysis that combines optical and SAR data with a custom dataset and annotation pipeline to support interactive damage assessment.
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Towards Safe Mobility: A Unified Transportation Foundation Model enabled by Open-Ended Vision-Language Dataset
Creates LTD dataset for open-ended traffic VQA and trains UniVLT model to achieve SOTA on unified microscopic AD and macroscopic traffic reasoning tasks.
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Video-ToC: Video Tree-of-Cue Reasoning
Video-ToC adds tree-guided cue localization, demand-based RL rewards, and automated datasets to video LLMs, reporting better results than prior methods on six understanding benchmarks plus a hallucination test.
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DR-MMSearchAgent: Deepening Reasoning in Multimodal Search Agents
DR-MMSearchAgent derives batch-wide trajectory advantages and uses differentiated Gaussian rewards to prevent premature collapse in multimodal agents, outperforming MMSearch-R1 by 8.4% on FVQA-test.
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How Far Are Video Models from True Multimodal Reasoning?
Current video models succeed on basic understanding but achieve under 25% success on logically grounded generation and near 0% on interactive generation, exposing gaps in multimodal reasoning.
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Unmasking the Illusion of Embodied Reasoning in Vision-Language-Action Models
State-of-the-art vision-language-action models catastrophically fail dynamic embodied reasoning due to lexical-kinematic shortcuts, behavioral inertia, and semantic feature collapse caused by architectural bottlenecks, as shown by the new BeTTER benchmark with real-world validation.
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Boosting Visual Instruction Tuning with Self-Supervised Guidance
Mixing 3-10% of visually grounded self-supervised instructions into visual instruction tuning consistently boosts MLLM performance on vision-centric benchmarks.
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Efficient Adversarial Training via Criticality-Aware Fine-Tuning
CAAT selects critical parameters for adversarial robustness in ViTs and applies PEFT to tune only those, yielding a 4.3% robustness drop versus full AT while using ~6% of parameters.
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POINTS-Long: Adaptive Dual-Mode Visual Reasoning in MLLMs
POINTS-Long is a dual-mode multimodal large language model that uses dynamic visual token scaling to retain 97.7-99.7% accuracy on long-form tasks with 1/40 to 1/10th the tokens and supports streaming via detachable KV-cache.
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Small Vision-Language Models are Smart Compressors for Long Video Understanding
Tempo uses a 6B SVLM as a local temporal compressor with training-free adaptive token allocation to achieve SOTA long-video understanding at 0.5-16 tokens per frame, scoring 52.3 on 4101s LVBench under 8K budget.
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ABMAMBA: Multimodal Large Language Model with Aligned Hierarchical Bidirectional Scan for Efficient Video Captioning
ABMamba uses Mamba-based linear-complexity processing plus a novel Aligned Hierarchical Bidirectional Scan to deliver competitive video captioning on VATEX and MSR-VTT at roughly 3x higher throughput than typical Transformer MLLMs.
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HAWK: Head Importance-Aware Visual Token Pruning in Multimodal Models
HAWK is a training-free method that prunes over 80% of visual tokens in MLLMs while retaining 96% accuracy by using head importance weights and text-guided attention to select task-relevant tokens.
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Q-Zoom: Query-Aware Adaptive Perception for Efficient Multimodal Large Language Models
Q-Zoom achieves up to 4.39x inference speedup in high-resolution MLLM scenarios via query-aware gating and region localization, matching or exceeding baseline accuracy on document and high-res benchmarks.
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Walk the Talk: Bridging the Reasoning-Action Gap for Thinking with Images via Multimodal Agentic Policy Optimization
MAPO improves multimodal chain-of-thought reasoning by requiring explicit textual descriptions of visual tool results and using a novel advantage estimator that combines semantic alignment with task rewards.
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LAST: Leveraging Tools as Hints to Enhance Spatial Reasoning for Multimodal Large Language Models
LAST augments MLLMs with a tool-abstraction sandbox and three-stage training to deliver around 20% gains on spatial reasoning tasks, outperforming closed-source models.
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Scientific Graphics Program Synthesis via Dual Self-Consistency Reinforcement Learning
SciTikZer-8B uses a new dataset, benchmark, and dual self-consistency RL to generate TikZ code for scientific graphics, outperforming much larger models like Gemini-2.5-Pro.
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AICA-Bench: Holistically Examining the Capabilities of VLMs in Affective Image Content Analysis
AICA-Bench evaluates 23 VLMs on affective image analysis, identifies weak intensity calibration and shallow descriptions as limitations, and proposes training-free Grounded Affective Tree Prompting to improve performance.
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CLEAR: Unlocking Generative Potential for Degraded Image Understanding in Unified Multimodal Models
CLEAR uses degradation-aware fine-tuning, a latent representation bridge, and interleaved reinforcement learning to connect generative and reasoning capabilities in multimodal models for better degraded image understanding.
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Saliency-R1: Enforcing Interpretable and Faithful Vision-language Reasoning via Saliency-map Alignment Reward
Saliency-R1 uses a novel saliency map technique and GRPO with human bounding-box overlap as reward to improve VLM reasoning faithfulness and interpretability.
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Reinforce to Learn, Elect to Reason: A Dual Paradigm for Video Reasoning
RLER trains video-reasoning models with three task-driven RL rewards for evidence production and elects the best answer from a few candidates via evidence consistency scoring, yielding 6.3% average gains on eight benchmarks.
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Progressive Video Condensation with MLLM Agent for Long-form Video Understanding
ProVCA progressively condenses long videos via segment localization, snippet selection, and keyframe refinement to achieve SOTA zero-shot accuracies on EgoSchema, NExT-QA, and IntentQA with fewer frames.
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STRIVE: Structured Spatiotemporal Exploration for Reinforcement Learning in Video Question Answering
STRIVE stabilizes RL for video QA by creating spatiotemporal video variants and using importance-aware sampling, yielding consistent gains over baselines on six benchmarks.
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Multimodal Language Models Cannot Spot Spatial Inconsistencies
Multimodal LLMs significantly underperform humans at spotting objects that break 3D consistency in multi-view image pairs.
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ForestPrune: High-ratio Visual Token Compression for Video Multimodal Large Language Models via Spatial-Temporal Forest Modeling
ForestPrune prunes 90% of visual tokens in video MLLMs like LLaVA-OneVision while retaining 95.8% accuracy by modeling tokens as spatial-temporal forests and scoring importance via tree depth and node roles.
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FASTER: Rethinking Real-Time Flow VLAs
FASTER adds a Horizon-Aware Schedule to flow VLAs that compresses immediate-action denoising to one step while keeping long-horizon trajectory quality, lowering real-robot reaction latency.
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Feeling the Space: Egomotion-Aware Video Representation for Efficient and Accurate 3D Scene Understanding
Motion-MLLM integrates IMU egomotion data into MLLMs using cascaded filtering and asymmetric fusion to ground visual content in physical trajectories for scale-aware 3D understanding, achieving competitive accuracy at higher speed.
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Logics-Parsing-Omni Technical Report
Omni Parsing framework converts complex multimodal signals into locatable, enumerable, and traceable structured knowledge via hierarchical detection, recognition, and interpreting with strict evidence alignment.
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Boosting MLLM Spatial Reasoning with Geometrically Referenced 3D Scene Representations
GR3D turns 3D scene geometry into ID-indexed text references, enabling zero-shot MLLM spatial reasoning gains of 9% on VSI-Bench and 12% on MindCube.
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Decoding the Pulse of Reasoning VLMs in Multi-Image Understanding Tasks
PulseFocus improves multi-image reasoning in VLMs by interleaving planning and attention-gated focus blocks during chain-of-thought, achieving gains on BLINK and MuirBench.
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Specificity-aware reinforcement learning for fine-grained open-world classification
SpeciaRL applies a dynamic verifier-based reward in reinforcement learning to steer reasoning LMMs toward correct and specific predictions on fine-grained open-world image classification tasks.
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TagaVLM: Topology-Aware Global Action Reasoning for Vision-Language Navigation
TagaVLM embeds topological structures into VLMs via residual attention and interleaved prompts, achieving 51.09% success rate on R2R unseen environments and outperforming prior large-model methods.
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EGM: Efficient Visual Grounding Language Models
EGM enables 8B VLMs to reach 91.4 IoU on RefCOCO at 737 ms latency, outperforming a 235B model at 4320 ms, by substituting volume of mid-quality tokens for model scale.
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LinMU: Multimodal Understanding Made Linear
LinMU achieves linear-complexity multimodal understanding by swapping self-attention for an M-MATE dual-branch block and distilling from a frozen teacher VLM, matching accuracy with up to 2.7x faster TTFT and 9x higher throughput.
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Streaming Video Instruction Tuning
Streamo is a streaming video LLM trained end-to-end on the new Streamo-Instruct-465K dataset that unifies multiple real-time video tasks with claimed strong temporal reasoning and generalization.
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FPBench: A Comprehensive Benchmark of Multimodal Large Language Models for Fingerprint Analysis
FPBench evaluates 20 MLLMs across 8 fingerprint tasks on 7 datasets and shows fine-tuning vision and language encoders improves performance by 7-39%.
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AdaTooler-V: Adaptive Tool-Use for Images and Videos
AdaTooler-V trains MLLMs to adaptively use vision tools via AT-GRPO reinforcement learning and new datasets, reaching 89.8% on V* and outperforming GPT-4o.
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PhyDetEx: Detecting and Explaining the Physical Plausibility of T2V Models
A new dataset and fine-tuned VLM detector/explainer called PhyDetEx shows that current T2V models still struggle to generate videos that obey physical laws, with open-source models performing worse.
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Boosting Reasoning in Large Multimodal Models via Activation Replay
Activation Replay boosts multimodal reasoning in post-trained LMMs by replaying low-entropy activations from base models to RLVR counterparts at test time via visual token manipulation.