AI reviews for all 22,977 AAAI-26 papers were preferred by authors and PC members over human reviews on accuracy and suggestions and outperformed baselines at spotting weaknesses.
super hub Mixed citations
OpenAI GPT-5 System Card
Mixed citation behavior. Most common role is background (51%).
358
Pith papers citing it
Background
51% of classified citations
abstract
This is the system card published alongside the OpenAI GPT-5 launch, August 2025. GPT-5 is a unified system with a smart and fast model that answers most questions, a deeper reasoning model for harder problems, and a real-time router that quickly decides which model to use based on conversation type, complexity, tool needs, and explicit intent (for example, if you say 'think hard about this' in the prompt). The router is continuously trained on real signals, including when users switch models, preference rates for responses, and measured correctness, improving over time. Once usage limits are reached, a mini version of each model handles remaining queries. This system card focuses primarily on gpt-5-thinking and gpt-5-main, while evaluations for other models are available in the appendix. The GPT-5 system not only outperforms previous models on benchmarks and answers questions more quickly, but -- more importantly -- is more useful for real-world queries. We've made significant advances in reducing hallucinations, improving instruction following, and minimizing sycophancy, and have leveled up GPT-5's performance in three of ChatGPT's most common uses: writing, coding, and health. All of the GPT-5 models additionally feature safe-completions, our latest approach to safety training to prevent disallowed content. Similarly to ChatGPT agent, we have decided to treat gpt-5-thinking as High capability in the Biological and Chemical domain under our Preparedness Framework, activating the associated safeguards. While we do not have definitive evidence that this model could meaningfully help a novice to create severe biological harm -- our defined threshold for High capability -- we have chosen to take a precautionary approach.
hub tools
citation-role summary
background 43
baseline 23
method 7
dataset 3
other 3
citation-polarity summary
claims ledger
- abstract This is the system card published alongside the OpenAI GPT-5 launch, August 2025. GPT-5 is a unified system with a smart and fast model that answers most questions, a deeper reasoning model for harder problems, and a real-time router that quickly decides which model to use based on conversation type, complexity, tool needs, and explicit intent (for example, if you say 'think hard about this' in the prompt). The router is continuously trained on real signals, including when users switch models, preference rates for responses, and measured correctness, improving over time. Once usage limits ar
co-cited works
representative citing papers
Introduces the TVR active viewpoint-matching task and TVRBench indoor simulation benchmark, where foundation models start at low single-digit success rates but reach 51.4% after visual-action SFT and multi-turn GRPO post-training.
AMNESIA is a benchmark suite of 70,560 medical QA pairs that evaluates unlearning methods and shows that patient-level unlearning erodes disease-shared knowledge.
FlowCompile performs compile-time design space exploration on structured LLM workflows to produce reusable high-quality configuration sets that outperform routing baselines with up to 6.4x speedup.
M³Att poisons medical multimodal RAG by pairing covert textual misinformation with query-agnostic visual perturbations that increase retrieval of the bad content, causing LLMs to generate clinically plausible but incorrect responses.
Soohak is a 439-problem mathematician-curated benchmark where frontier LLMs reach at most 30.4% on research math challenges and no model exceeds 50% on refusal for ill-posed problems.
TraceAV-Bench is the first benchmark for multi-hop trajectory reasoning over long audio-visual videos, showing top models reach only 51-68% accuracy with substantial room for improvement.
EVE enables verifiable self-evolution of MLLMs by using a Challenger-Solver architecture to generate dynamic executable visual transformations that produce VQA problems with absolute execution-verified ground truth.
VLMs hallucinate by prioritizing contradictory on-screen text over visual content, addressed via the VisualTextTrap benchmark with 6,057 human-validated samples and the VTHM-MoE dual-encoder framework using dimension-specific experts and adaptive routing.
OccuBench is a new benchmark for AI agents on real-world occupational tasks via LLM-driven simulators, showing no model dominates all industries, implicit faults are hardest, and larger models with more reasoning perform better.
MMRareBench provides 1,756 QA pairs and 7,958 images from PMC rare-disease cases to evaluate 23 MLLMs, revealing low treatment-planning scores and medical models underperforming general models on multi-image tasks due to capacity dilution.
DragOn provides a new drag-grounding benchmark and training dataset for GUI agents, with evaluations suggesting potential improvements on computer-use tasks.
OmniOPD replaces token-level logit matching in on-policy distillation with Monte Carlo chunk-level semantic verification and a peak-entropy scheduler.
MM-Snowball benchmark diagnoses hallucination snowballing in multi-turn MLLM dialogues; CAVR mitigates it via dual visual rectification at representation and logit levels.
Moral Trolley Arena shows frontier LLMs produce composite moral preferences that are compressed rather than additive functions of calibrated component act strengths across Moral Foundations Theory.
Frontier VLMs overconfidently answer spatial questions under occlusion (~30% accuracy) and perspective ambiguity (<10% accuracy) instead of abstaining, and often fail to select helpful additional views.
VLMs exhibit consistent vertical-distance entanglement in embeddings from perspective bias in natural images, producing accuracy gaps that a new synthetic benchmark SpatialTunnel exposes as model-intrinsic.
EvoRepair is the first experience-based self-evolving agent framework for automated vulnerability repair, reporting 90.46% overall success on PATCHEVAL and SEC-bench benchmarks.
CardioLens is a leakage-resistant CMR testbed of 473k slices and 13k QA pairs showing current MLLMs exhibit a large clinical reality gap with category-collapse failures on real workflows.
LLMs struggle to associate epistemic markers with stable internal confidence levels across distributions, even under model-centric interpretations, while maintaining somewhat consistent marker rankings.
Introduces MUTATE benchmark for path-level and action-level divergent thinking in LLM agents and ReDNA method that decouples divergent generation from convergent selection to improve performance.
SD-MIA is a black-box membership inference attack that detects pre-training data in diffusion models via cross-modal perturbations on images and textual instructions.
Introduces EHR-ReasonCon benchmark with expert annotations and EHR-Inspector LLM framework for reasoning-intensive verification of consistency between clinical notes and structured tables in EHRs.
JobBench is a new benchmark with 130 occupational tasks where the best of 36 tested AI models achieves only 45.9% success.
citing papers explorer
-
Reasoning as Gradient: Scaling MLE Agents Beyond Tree Search
Gome reaches 35.1% any-medal rate on MLE-Bench by mapping reasoning to gradient-based updates, outperforming tree search once models are sufficiently capable.
-
Spectral Condition for $\mu$P under Width-Depth Scaling
A unified spectral condition for μP under width-depth scaling reveals a transition at k=1 vs k≥2 transformations per residual block and enables stable feature learning for practical architectures like Transformers.
-
FinReasoning: A Hierarchical Benchmark for Reliable Financial Research Reporting
FinReasoning is a hierarchical benchmark that decomposes LLM financial research capabilities into semantic consistency, data alignment, and deep insight, revealing model-type differences in auditing versus insight generation.
-
Learn2Fold: Structured Origami Generation with World Model Planning
Learn2Fold generates physically valid origami folding sequences from text prompts by decoupling LLM-based program proposals from verification in a learned graph-structured world model.
-
Sparse Reward Subsystem in Large Language Models
LLM hidden states contain a sparse reward subsystem consisting of value neurons that predict state value and dopamine neurons that encode step-level temporal difference errors.
-
HeteroCache: A Dynamic Retrieval Approach to Heterogeneous KV Cache Compression for Long-Context LLM Inference
HeteroCache dynamically allocates KV cache space to attention heads based on their temporal stability and uses hierarchical asynchronous retrieval to achieve state-of-the-art long-context performance with up to 3x faster decoding at 224K context length.
-
AlphaCast: A Human Wisdom-LLM Intelligence Co-Reasoning Framework for Interactive Time Series Forecasting
AlphaCast is a training-free LLM framework that performs interactive multi-stage reasoning for time series forecasting by integrating feature extraction, knowledge bases, case libraries, and contextual pools.
-
Do Vision-Language Models See Dwarf Galaxies the Way We Do?
Zero-shot VLMs reproduce aggregate human annotations on dwarf galaxy detection but exhibit high per-example variability and unreliable self-reported confidence.
-
Unsupervised Skill Discovery for Agentic Data Analysis
DataCOPE uses verifier-guided contrastive distillation from agent trajectories to discover skills, yielding average gains of 9.71% on report-style and 32.30% on reasoning-style data analysis tasks across four model settings.
-
I-WebGenBench : Evaluating Interactivity in LLM-Generated Scientific Web Applications
A Paper-to-Interactive-System Agent and I-WebGenBench benchmark with 19 papers enable converting scientific PDFs into executable interactive web systems, with PaperVoyager framework shown to improve quality.
-
MOSAIC: Modular Orchestration for Structured Agentic Intelligence and Composition
MOSAIC structures LLM-based model selection via memory-grounded blueprints and failure-aware RL, reporting gains in performance and traceability on financial time-series tasks over AutoML and agent baselines.
-
Cross-Modal Clinical Knowledge Integration for Mammography Report Generation
MammoRG integrates cross-modal prior clinical knowledge and BI-RADS terminology via two-stage training to generate mammography reports with higher clinical consistency than prior direct image-to-text methods.
-
EvoGens: A Population-Based Heuristic Search Framework for Scientific Idea Generation
EvoGens uses rank-based mutation, semantic-aware crossover, and lightweight evaluation to evolve populations of LLM-generated scientific ideas, boosting novelty and diversity metrics.
-
Multimodal Music Recommendation System using LLMs
Extending E4SRec with multimodal content features on LastFM-1K yields up to 95% Recall and 79% NDCG gains over ID-only baselines, though naive fusion does not always improve results.
-
Revisiting Anthropomorphic Reflection Markers in Large Language Model Reasoning
Suppressing anthropomorphic reflection markers via prompt and token interventions preserves or improves LLM reasoning performance on four benchmarks while models continue marker-free verification.
-
Causal Risk Minimization for High-Dimensional Treatments
Proposes causal risk minimization via higher-order moment-balancing error decomposition and attribute projection for high-dimensional treatments, with experiments on continuous, discrete, and text data.
-
Qiskit QuantumKatas: Adapting Microsoft's Quantum Computing exercises for LLM evaluation
Adapts QuantumKatas to Qiskit yielding a 350-task benchmark across 26 categories and evaluates 16 LLMs in 39,200 runs, reporting performance gaps and prompting effects.
-
BAIT: Boundary-Guided Disclosure Escalation via Self-Conditioned Reasoning
BAIT achieves high attack success rates on AdvBench, JailbreakBench, AIR-Bench and SORRY-Bench by iteratively guiding LLMs to disclose harmful content via boundary identification and self-conditioned refinement.
-
Personalized Generative Models for Contextual Debiasing
DecoupleGen personalizes diffusion models to create images with uncommon contexts for debiasing object recognition, yielding consistent gains on scene classification tasks.
-
Rethinking VLM Representation for VLA Initialization
Experiments indicate original VLM representations are crucial for VLA performance, LoRA outperforms full finetuning, and staged robot-data pretraining yields the strongest initialization.
-
SciCore-Mol: Augmenting Large Language Models with Pluggable Molecular Cognition Modules
SciCore-Mol augments LLMs with three integrated modules for molecular perception, latent diffusion generation, and reaction reasoning, claiming an 8B open model competes with or exceeds proprietary systems on chemical tasks.
-
OPERA: An Agent for Image Restoration with End-to-End Joint Planning-Execution Optimization
OPERA jointly optimizes restoration planning via RL over tool compositions and execution via agent-guided co-training of tools, claiming consistent gains over all-in-one models and prior agent methods on multi-degradation benchmarks.
-
ExComm: Exploration-Stage Communication for Error-Resilient Agentic Test-Time Scaling
ExComm adds cross-agent conflict detection and soft belief correction plus trajectory diversification to agentic test-time scaling, yielding 5-6% gains over baselines on AIME and GAIA benchmarks.
-
SpecHop: Continuous Speculation for Accelerating Multi-Hop Retrieval Agents
SpecHop accelerates multi-hop LLM tool use via continuous multi-threaded speculation with asynchronous verification, approaching oracle latency gains and reducing latency up to 40% on retrieval tasks.
-
CR4T: Rewrite-Based Guardrails for Adolescent LLM Safety
CR4T is a model-agnostic framework using lightweight risk detection and domain-conditioned rewriting to convert unsafe or refusal-style LLM responses into developmentally appropriate guidance for adolescents.
-
Manga109-v2026: Revisiting Manga109 Annotations for Modern Manga Understanding
The authors revised approximately 29,000 dialogue annotations in Manga109 to fix five categories of issues including transcription errors and under-segmented balloons, producing Manga109-v2026 for improved modern OCR and multimodal manga understanding.
-
Frequency-Domain Regularized Adversarial Alignment for Transferable Attacks against Closed-Source MLLMs
FRA-Attack uses high-pass DCT feature alignment and frequency-domain gradient regularization to boost adversarial transferability across 15 MLLMs from 7 vendors.
-
PixVerve: Advancing Native UHR Image Generation to 100MP with a Large-Scale High-Quality Dataset
PixVerve introduces a 95K ultra-high-resolution image-text dataset and training strategies that enable native 100-megapixel text-to-image generation together with a new evaluation benchmark.
-
CaptchaMind: Training CAPTCHA Solvers via Reinforcement Learning with Explicit Reasoning Supervision
Presents CaptchaBench benchmark and CaptchaMind RL solver achieving 82.9% success on benchmark tasks and 71% on real-world CAPTCHAs via explicit reasoning process supervision.
-
HAVEN: Hierarchically Aligned Multimodal Benchmark for Unified Video Understanding
HAVEN provides a hierarchically aligned multimodal dataset and evaluation suite for video summarization, temporal reasoning, grounding, and saliency in MLLMs.
-
CMAG: Concept-Scaffolded Retrieval for Marketplace Avatar Generation
CMAG combines 3D concept scaffolding, prompt decomposition, taxonomy routing, hybrid retrieval, and agentic VLM verification to assemble topologically consistent avatars from catalog assets given free-form text prompts.
-
Self-Evolving Spatial Reasoning in Vision Language Models via Geometric Logic Consistency
SAGE adds duality consistency as an auxiliary reward in GRPO training with a dynamic operation pool to improve spatial reasoning robustness and generalization in VLMs.
-
SafeLens: Deliberate and Efficient Video Guardrails with Fast-and-Slow Screening
SafeLens presents a fast-and-slow video guardrail framework that filters the SafeWatch dataset to 2.4% and adds Chain-of-Thought traces to achieve state-of-the-art moderation performance at reduced inference cost.
-
CompactAttention: Accelerating Chunked Prefill with Block-Union KV Selection
CompactAttention accelerates chunked-prefill attention via Block-Union KV Selection, delivering up to 2.72x speedup at 128K context on LLaMA-3.1-8B while matching dense accuracy on RULER.
-
DeepArrhythmia: Segment-Contextualized ECG Arrhythmia Classification via Selective Evidence Acquisition
DeepArrhythmia introduces a segment-contextualized multimodal framework for beat-level ECG arrhythmia classification that uses tool-grounded evidence extraction and selective acquisition routed by segment-level confidence.
-
What Limits Vision-and-Language Navigation ?
StereoNav reaches new benchmark highs on R2R-CE and RxR-CE and improves real-robot reliability by supplying persistent target-location priors and stereo-derived geometry that stay stable under lighting changes and blur.
-
Context Training with Active Information Seeking
Active information seeking via search tools, when combined with multi-candidate context pruning during training, produces consistent gains on translation, health, and reasoning tasks over naive tool addition or no-tool baselines.
-
CoT-Guard: Small Models for Strong Monitoring
CoT-Guard is a 4B model using SFT and RL that achieves 75% G-mean^2 on hidden objective detection under prompt and code manipulation attacks, outperforming several larger models.
-
SenseNova-U1: Unifying Multimodal Understanding and Generation with NEO-unify Architecture
SenseNova-U1 presents native unified multimodal models that match top understanding VLMs while delivering strong performance in image generation, infographics, and interleaved tasks via the NEO-unify architecture.
-
A Composite Activation Function for Learning Stable Binary Representations
HTAF is a sigmoid-tanh composite that approximates the Heaviside function to allow stable gradient training of binary activation networks, yielding ICBMs with stable discretization and competitive performance on image tasks.
-
Evaluating the False Trust Engendered by LLM Explanations
LLM reasoning traces and post-hoc explanations increase false trust in incorrect predictions, whereas contrastive dual explanations enhance users' ability to distinguish correct from incorrect AI outputs.
-
Thinking with Novel Views: A Systematic Analysis of Generative-Augmented Spatial Intelligence
Integrating generative novel-view synthesis into LMM reasoning loops improves accuracy on spatial subtasks by 1.3 to 3.9 percentage points across multiple models and tasks.
-
MicroWorld: Empowering Multimodal Large Language Models to Bridge the Microscopic Domain Gap with Multimodal Attribute Graph
MicroWorld constructs a multimodal attributed property graph from scientific image-caption data and augments MLLM prompts via retrieval to raise Qwen3-VL-8B performance by 37.5% on MicroVQA and 6% on MicroBench.
-
GeoSym127K: Scalable Symbolically-verifiable Synthesis for Multimodal Geometric Reasoning
A neuro-symbolic engine generates GeoSym127K, a 127K-question dataset with symbolic ground truths and verified CoT pairs, yielding +22.21% gains on MathVerse Vision-Only after SFT on Qwen3-VL-8B.
-
Ace-Skill: Bootstrapping Multimodal Agents with Prioritized and Clustered Evolution
Ace-Skill boosts multimodal agent self-evolution via prioritized rollouts with lazy-decay tracking and semantic knowledge clustering, yielding up to 35% relative gains on tool-use benchmarks and zero-shot transfer to smaller models.
-
How You Begin is How You Reason: Driving Exploration in RLVR via Prefix-Tuned Priors
IMAX trains soft prefixes with an InfoMax reward to drive diverse exploration in RLVR, yielding up to 11.60% gains in Pass@4 over standard RLVR across model scales.
-
Do Agents Need to Plan Step-by-Step? Rethinking Planning Horizon in Data-Centric Tool Calling
Full-horizon planning with on-demand replanning achieves accuracy parity with single-step planning in tool-calling agents for knowledge base and multi-hop question answering while consuming 2-3 times fewer tokens.
-
ARMOR: An Agentic Framework for Reaction Feasibility Prediction via Adaptive Utility-aware Multi-tool Reasoning
ARMOR improves reaction feasibility prediction by adaptively prioritizing tools based on learned utilities and resolving conflicts with memory-augmented reasoning, outperforming single-tool and simple aggregation baselines especially on conflicting cases.
-
Minimizing Modality Gap from the Input Side: Your Speech LLM Can Be a Prosody-Aware Text LLM
TextPro-SLM reduces the speech-text modality gap by feeding an LLM backbone with synchronized text tokens and prosody embeddings from WhisperPro, achieving lowest gap scores at 3B/7B scales with roughly 1,000 hours of audio.
-
Enhancing Multimodal In-Context Learning via Inductive-Deductive Reasoning
A framework with similarity-based visual token compression, dynamic attention rebalancing, and explicit inductive-deductive chain-of-thought improves multimodal ICL performance across eight benchmarks for open-source VLMs.